refactor(katana-db): database schema

[kariy]

• refactor database tables to be based on a 'schema'
• added Schema trait to define database schema; basically a collection of tables that will be created in the database
• use schema to create a notion of database 'versioning'

[kariy]

• feat(katana-db): db migration from older version #1839
• feat(katana-db): add new db methods  #1838
• refactor(katana-db): database schema  #1837 👈
• Bump katana database version #1833
• main

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 60.38961% with 61 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 70.30%. Comparing base (77df165) to head (0f0043f).

❗ Current head 0f0043f differs from pull request most recent head ae94503. Consider uploading reports for the commit ae94503 to get more accurate results

Files	Patch %	Lines
crates/katana/storage/db/src/mdbx/tx.rs	29.62%	19 Missing ⚠️
crates/katana/storage/db/src/tables/mod.rs	48.27%	15 Missing ⚠️
crates/katana/storage/db/src/tables/v0.rs	0.00%	13 Missing ⚠️
crates/katana/storage/db/src/lib.rs	50.00%	8 Missing ⚠️
crates/katana/storage/db/src/mdbx/mod.rs	72.22%	5 Missing ⚠️
crates/katana/storage/db/src/codecs/postcard.rs	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1837      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   70.28%   70.30%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         313      311       -2     
  Lines       35729    35137     -592     
==========================================
- Hits        25111    24703     -408     
+ Misses      10618    10434     -184     

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