refactor(catalog): refactor system catalog using proc macro

[wangrunji0408]

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What's changed and what's your intention?

resolve #13433 following #14934

This PR refactors system catalog using the proc macro proposed in #13433, but in a slightly different way.

Instead of #[derive(Catalog)], this PR introduces #[system_catalog] macro (proposed by #13433 (comment)), which can be put on a function to define system table, or put on a struct to define system view.

// define a dummy system view
#[system_catalog(view, "pg_catalog.pg_am")]
#[derive(Fields)]
struct PgAmColumn { ... }

// define a system view with SQL query
#[system_catalog(view, "information_schema.tables", "SELECT ...")]
#[derive(Fields)]
struct Table { ... }

// define a system table
#[system_catalog(table, "rw_catalog.rw_types")]
fn read_rw_types(reader: &SysCatalogReaderImpl) -> Result<Vec<RwType>> { ... }

Similar to #[function], these tables & views will be automatically registered into the global SYS_CATALOGS.

Table/view ids are generated in lexicographic order of their name. Thus ids are unstable across different versions. Not sure if this is safe. Or we should assign static ids to them?

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added test labels as necessary. See details.
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features Sqlsmith: Sql feature generation #7934).
• My PR contains breaking changes. (If it deprecates some features, please create a tracking issue to remove them in the future).
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Release note

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[BugenZhao]

Wow, this is a huge project. I'm curious how did you do such refactor efficiently? 😄

[wangrunji0408]

Wow, this is a huge project. I'm curious how did you do such refactor efficiently? 😄

Thanks to Github Copilot. 😄

[wangrunji0408]

Holy

[yezizp2012]

LSTM!! rubber stamp for all writes on system catalog files.

[TennyZhuang]

Approved as lock team member.