feat(sink): upsert avro with schema registry

[xiangjinwu]

I hereby agree to the terms of the RisingWave Labs, Inc. Contributor License Agreement.

What's changed and what's your intention?

• Only upsert, not append-only yet
  • Shorter to review. Will refactor to make it less repetitive.
• Only avro, not protobuf yet
  • Requires more header (doc)
• Only schema registry, not file / https / s3 yet
  • avro source/sink should not use file header #12871
• Only kafka, not kinesis or pulsar
  • Kinesis / Plusar does not allow key to be non-string bytes
  • Pulsar has its own schema registry (doc).

Note that apeend-only protobuf with file / https in kafka has been supported by #12858. We will fill the support matrix gradually.

SinkFormatterImpl::new will be refactored in a followup.

• topic is used in schema registry name strategy, but does not apply to Redis.
• db_name and sink_from_name is only useful for kafka connect (incl debezium) metadata.
• AwsAuthProps is only useful when loading schema definition from s3.

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features Sqlsmith: Sql feature generation #7934).
• My PR contains breaking changes. (If it deprecates some features, please create a tracking issue to remove them in the future).
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)
• My PR changes performance-critical code. (Please run macro/micro-benchmarks and show the results.)

• My PR contains critical fixes that are necessary to be merged into the latest release. (Please check out the details)

Documentation

• My PR needs documentation updates. (Please use the Release note section below to summarize the impact on users)

Release note

Supports kafka sink with upsert avro using schema registry.

Example create sink command can be found in e2e_test/sink/kafka/avro.slt

Same as source, the following options can be used after format upsert encode avro:

• schema.registry
• schema.registry.username
• schema.registry.password
• schema.registry.name.strategy (optional)
• key.message (only when name strategy is set to record_name_strategy or topic_record_name_strategy)
• message (only when name strategy is set to record_name_strategy or topic_record_name_strategy)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #13007 (9158f9b) into main (6495d90) will decrease coverage by 0.02%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 20.12%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #13007      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   68.57%   68.55%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1496     1497       +1     
  Lines      251405   251538     +133     
==========================================
+ Hits       172389   172447      +58     
- Misses      79016    79091      +75     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	68.55% <20.12%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files	Coverage Δ
src/connector/src/schema/mod.rs	0.00% <ø> (ø)
src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs	89.74% <ø> (ø)
src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs	57.54% <66.66%> (-0.06%)	⬇️
src/frontend/src/handler/create_sink.rs	66.66% <0.00%> (ø)
src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs	31.62% <0.00%> (-0.15%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/sink/encoder/avro.rs	94.30% <72.50%> (-1.35%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/sink/kinesis.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/connector/src/sink/pulsar.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/connector/src/schema/schema_registry/client.rs	0.63% <0.00%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs	29.41% <5.00%> (-3.93%)	⬇️
... and 1 more

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes

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[xiangjinwu]

Conflicts resolved and ready for review

[tabVersion]

generally LGTM

[tabVersion]

copy from the source part?

[xiangjinwu]

They will be merged eventually.