feat(sink): kafka upsert sink with schema

[wugouzi]

I hereby agree to the terms of the RisingWave Labs, Inc. Contributor License Agreement.

What's changed and what's your intention?

Add an option schemas.enable for kafka upsert sink to output with schema that is supported by kafka connect's jsonconverter.
Syntax:

create sink si_kafka_upsert_schema from t_kafka with (
    connector = 'kafka',
    properties.bootstrap.server = '127.0.0.1:29092',
    topic = 'test-rw-sink-upsert-schema',
    primary_key = 'id'
) format upsert encode json (
    schemas.enable = true
);

Details:

• Effectively, this can be used with kafka, kinesis and pulsar. But most of the cases it is used with kafka.
• It does not apply to avro or protobuf but only json. Furthermore, it is mutual exclusive with usage of schema registry containing json schema (io.confluent.connect.json.JsonSchemaConverter) and should not be confused with it. This option mimics the behavior of org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter instead.
• It only supports upsert for now and defaults to false when unspecified. It will be extended to be available in debezium and defaults to true.

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features Sqlsmith: Sql feature generation #7934).
• My PR contains breaking changes. (If it deprecates some features, please create a tracking issue to remove them in the future).
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)
• My PR changes performance-critical code. (Please run macro/micro-benchmarks and show the results.)

• My PR contains critical fixes that are necessary to be merged into the latest release. (Please check out the details)

Documentation

• My PR needs documentation updates. (Please use the Release note section below to summarize the impact on users)

Release note

If this PR includes changes that directly affect users or other significant modifications relevant to the community, kindly draft a release note to provide a concise summary of these changes. Please prioritize highlighting the impact these changes will have on users.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #12113 (c9fc80e) into main (fcc2469) will increase coverage by 0.01%.
Report is 41 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 86.69%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #12113      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   69.18%   69.20%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1489     1489              
  Lines      245832   246057     +225     
==========================================
+ Hits       170083   170281     +198     
- Misses      75749    75776      +27     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	69.20% <86.69%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files	Coverage Δ
src/connector/src/sink/encoder/mod.rs	71.79% <0.00%> (-1.89%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/sink/encoder/json.rs	88.21% <93.95%> (+3.57%)	⬆️
src/connector/src/sink/formatter/mod.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

📣 We’re building smart automated test selection to slash your CI/CD build times. Learn more

[xiangjinwu]

Sorry for the huge conflict due to the refactor. Just to share some thoughts: it looks like this change

• only applies to json but not proto or avro
• could be extended from upsert to append-only as well

Given these, after the refactor, this change may be done in JsonEncoder rather than UpsertFormatter.

[Rossil2012]

updated @xiangjinwu

[xiangjinwu]

Please also fix the test

[xiangjinwu]

@tabVersion to check if your comments are resolved

[tabVersion]

@tabVersion to check if your comments are resolved

LGTM