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Clarify impure in systems of equations. #3571

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@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ \section{Pure Modelica Functions}\label{pure-modelica-functions}
If a function is declared as \lstinline!impure! any function extending from it shall be declared as \lstinline!impure!.
\item
A deprecated semantics is that external functions (and functions defined in Modelica directly or indirectly calling them) without \lstinline!pure! or \lstinline!impure! keyword are assumed to be impure, but without any restriction on calling them.
Similarly they can be part of systems of equations without restrictions.
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If we manage to write the text clearly, there shouldn't be a need for this sentence, as the systems-of-equations rule should be perceived as one of the calling restrictions.

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The main issue which I still find unresolved is that we both have

  1. It is an error if an impure function call is part of a systems of equations (including linear systems), even if called in agreement with the restrictions above.

and

  1. …if the function call of an impure function is part of an algebraic loop. … This can occur…

Could we avoid this contradiction by a more careful formulation of 1, something like this:

Inside systems of equations (including linear systems), an impure function call is only allowed in the deprecated case of an external function neither marked pure or impure, or when pure(…) is used to bypass purity checking. The system of equations shall then be solved as if all occurring functions were pure, but the side-effect semantics of the impure function calls are undefined. Specifically, the number of times an impure function is called when solving the equations is undefined.

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@henrikt-ma this should now handle the comments.

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@henrikt-ma is it ok now?

@HansOlsson HansOlsson added this to the 2024-November milestone Nov 6, 2024
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Just some wording and formatting remaining.

Co-authored-by: Henrik Tidefelt <[email protected]>
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