Add dev-containers and their environment

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+FROM python:3.11-slim
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl libpq-dev gcc git
+
+ENV POETRY_HOME="/usr/local" \
+    POETRY_NO_INTERACTION=1 \
+    POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_CREATE=false \
+    POETRY_VERSION=1.8.3
+
+RUN curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -

.devcontainer/aliases-devcontainer

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+alias format='scripts/format.sh'
+alias makemigrations='scripts/makemigrations.sh'
+alias migrate='scripts/migrate.sh'
+alias shell='python src/helpers/shell.py'
+alias test='pytest src'

.devcontainer/devcontainer-start.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/bash
+
+
+# Run start commads such as poetry install to keep dependecies updates and in sync with your lock file.
+
+set -xeo pipefail
+
+poetry install --no-ansi --no-root

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "name": "Python Template",
+  "dockerComposeFile": "docker-compose.yaml",
+  "service": "devcontainer",
+  "runServices": [
+    "devcontainer",
+    "postgres"
+  ],
+  "workspaceFolder": "/workspace",
+  "containerEnv": {
+    "PYTHONPATH": "/workspace",
+    "USER": "${localEnv:USER}",
+    "DATABASE_URL": "postgresql://dev:dev@postgres:5432/dev",
+    "LOG_LEVEL": "DEBUG",
+    "SERVER_URL": "example.com",
+    "ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES": "15",
+    "JWT_SIGNING_KEY": ""
+  },
+  "customizations": {
+    "vscode": {
+      "extensions": [
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker",
+        "ms-python.black-formatter",
+        "ms-python.flake8",
+        "ms-python.isort",
+        "ms-python.python",
+        "ms-python.mypy-type-checker"
+      ],
+      "settings": {
+        "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+        "editor.rulers": [
+          120
+        ],
+        "editor.tabSize": 4,
+        "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
+        "files.trimFinalNewlines": true,
+        "files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true,
+        "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+          "source.organizeImports": "explicit"
+        },
+        "python.editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter"
+      }
+    },
+    "black-formatter.args": [
+      "--line-length=120"
+    ],
+    "unwantedRecommendations": []
+  },
+  "postCreateCommand": "cat /workspace/.devcontainer/aliases-devcontainer >> ~/.bashrc",
+  "postStartCommand": "/workspace/.devcontainer/devcontainer-start.sh",
+  "forwardPorts": [
+    // Backend API:
+    //   localhost:8000
+    "devcontainer:8000",
+    // Postgres:
+    //   localhost:5432 for accessing postgres via local dbeaver/psql client
+    "postgres:5432"
+  ],
+  "portsAttributes": {
+    "5432": {
+      "label": "Postgres",
+      "onAutoForward": "notify"
+    },
+    "8000": {
+      "label": "Backend API",
+      "onAutoForward": "notify"
+    }
+  }
+}

.devcontainer/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+services:
+  devcontainer:
+    command: sleep infinity
+    build: .
+    ports:
+      - '8000:8000'
+    volumes:
+      - source: ..
+        target: /workspace
+        type: bind
+
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:16
+    pull_policy: always
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_USER: dev
+      POSTGRES_DB: dev
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: dev
+    volumes:
+      - source: postgres
+        target: /var/lib/postgresql/data
+        type: volume
+
+volumes:
+  postgres: {}

README.md

@@ -9,14 +9,24 @@
 - PostgreSQL database
 
 ## Project setup
-You only need to install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/) and [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/). 
-To start the containers, just run `docker-compose up` (or `docker-compose up -d` if you want to run the containers in background); or `docker-compose create` and `docker-compose start` if you don't want to see the logs. 
-Once the containers are running, you can go to `http://localhost:8000/docs` to see the automatic interactive API documentation.
+
+The only things you need are [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/), [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/), and [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download). Once you open the template with VS Code, it will recommend that you install the [Dev Containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) if you don’t have it already. Then, a pop-up will appear to reopen the template in the devcontainer, or you can use `Ctrl / Cmd + shift + P` -> `Dev Containers: Open Folder in Container…`.
+
+And that's it, everything is ready to use. By using the VS Code terminal with `Ctrl / Cmd + J`, you'll be inside the container to run any command or start the server with `uvicorn src.main:app --reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000`.
+
+You can connect to the container once it's running using `scripts/exec.sh bash` and execute commands from another terminal outside of VS Code. Also, for all the following commands that can be run inside the dev container, you can run `scripts/exec.sh {command}` from outside the container.
+
+Once the containers and server are running, you can go to `http://localhost:8000/docs` to see the automatic interactive API documentation.
+
+In case you don't to use VS Code and dev containers, or you want to set up the environment in a different way. You must have `Python >3.11`, [Poetry](https://python-poetry.org/docs/#installation) (don't forget to install the dependencies from the lock file), and a [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/) database, setting the corresponding environment variables for the database connection.
 
 ## Migrations
-We use Alembic as database migration tool. To run its commands you can open an interactive shell inside the backend container (you can use `./exec.sh bash` shortcut), or use the following shortcuts under the `/scripts` directory:
-- `./exec.sh migrate` -> runs all the migrations
-- `./exec.sh makemigrations` -> compares the actual status of the DB against the table metadata, and generates the migrations based on the comparison
+
+We use Alembic as database migration tool. You can run migration commands directly inside the dev container or use the provided shortcut in the `exec.sh` script.
+
+- `migrate` – Runs all migrations.
+- `makemigrations` – Compares the current database state with the table metadata and generates the necessary migration files.
+
 
 ## Code tools
 Linters, formatters, etc.
@@ -27,15 +37,20 @@ Linters, formatters, etc.
 - **mypy**: Static type checker
 - **black**: PEP 8 compliant opinionated formatter
 
-There is a shortcut under the `/scripts` directory that runs all this tools for you (`./exec.sh format`).
+There is a shortcut under the `/scripts` directory that runs all this tools for you (`./exec.sh format`) or just run `format` inside the dev container.
 
 ![Screenshot](.docs/images/format.png)
 
 ## Tests
-We use FastAPI's `TestClient` and `pytest` for testing. `./exec.sh test` shortcut can be used to run all tests.
+We use FastAPI's `TestClient` and `pytest` for testing. `./exec.sh test` shortcut can be used to run all tests or just `test` inside the dev container.
 
 ## Shell
-There is a shortcut under the `/scripts` directory that opens a python interactive shell inside the docker container. It's `./exec.sh shell` and has some useful pre-imported stuff:
+You can start an interactive Python shell inside the dev container in two ways:
+
+1. Simply run `shell` inside the container.
+2. Alternatively, use the `exec.sh shell` command.
+
+The shell provides some useful pre-imported stuff:
 
 - `session`: A SQLAlchemy `Session` object
 - `settings`: An instance of the app settings class
@@ -49,5 +64,3 @@ The template includes an admin interface via [SQLAdmin](https://github.com/amina
 *One note: You should be careful when adding relationships to the list or detail pages (specially large many-to-many / one-to-many relationships), because it's not very optimal in terms of DB querys in those cases (all the related objects would be loaded in memory).*
 
 ![Screenshot](.docs/images/admin.png)
-
-