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| # UMADE-01: UMA Auth: NWC + OAuth | ||
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| UMA Auth is an extension of UMA which allows users to connect their UMA-enabled wallets to third-party applications. | ||
| This allows users to send and receive payments in the currency of their choice from within their favorite apps. It also | ||
| allows application developers to easily add payment functionality to their apps without needing to worry about the | ||
| underlying payment infrastructure. | ||
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| This is made possible by the [Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC)](https://nwc.dev) protocol, which was designed to connect | ||
| Lightning-enabled wallets to third-party applications via [Nostr](https://nostr.com/). UMA auth extends NWC to simplify | ||
| the UX of connecting a wallet (using OAuth 2.0), and add cross-currency payments to allow users and applications to | ||
| transact in any currency they choose. | ||
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| ## Protocol Overview | ||
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| From a protocol perspective, UMA Auth is a combination of the UMA protocol, OAuth 2.0, and the NWC protocol. | ||
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|  | ||
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| When a user wants to connect their UMA wallet to a third-party application: | ||
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| 1. The client app starts a standard OAuth 2.0 flow by redirecting the user to the UMA provider's authorization endpoint. | ||
| 2. The UMA provider authenticates the user and asks for their permission to connect to the client app. | ||
| 3. The UMA provider redirects the user back to the client app with an authorization code as usual in OAuth 2.0. | ||
| 4. The client app exchanges the authorization code for an NWC connection string and refresh token. | ||
| 5. The client app uses the NWC connection string to connect to the user's UMA wallet and start sending and receiving payments. | ||
| 6. The client app uses the refresh token to get a new NWC connection string when the old one expires. | ||
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| This process utilizes the battle-tested security and familiar UX of OAuth to establish a connection, with the simplicity | ||
| and flexibility of Nostr Wallet Connect for sending and receiving payments. Users can configure granular permissions and | ||
| budgets for each connected app, and revoke access at any time. | ||
|
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| ## Client App Registration | ||
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| Traditionally, OAuth 2.0 requires client apps to register with the authorization server before they can request access | ||
| to user resources. Because NWC and UMA Auth connect client apps to arbitrary wallet services, it is not feasible for | ||
| every client app to register with every wallet service or UMA provider. Instead, the Nostr protocol is used for | ||
| decentralized client app registration. | ||
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| When an application wants to use UMA Auth, it generates a single Nostr keypair that indentifies the appplication. This | ||
| is called the "identity keypair". An application should have a single identity keypair that represents the application | ||
| as opposed to one for each app instance or user. The identity keypair is used to sign and publish a nostr registration | ||
| message (kind 13195) that contains the application's name, logo, allowed redirect URLs, etc. For example: | ||
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| ```jsonc | ||
| { | ||
| "kind": 13195, | ||
| // ... other fields | ||
| "content": { | ||
| "name": "Zappy Bird", | ||
| "nip05": "[email protected]", | ||
| "image": "https://zappybird.com/logo.png", | ||
| "allowed_redirect_uris": ["https://zappybird.com/auth/callback", "zappybird://auth/callback"], | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| This event contains the content that would show up on a permissions page: app name, image, and a | ||
| [NIP-05-verified](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/05.md) address. Critically, it also contains a list | ||
| of allowed redirect URIs. This list is used to ensure that apps that claim to be Zappy Bird can only redirect to the | ||
| URIs that Zappy Bird has claimed. This prevents phishing attacks where an attacker could register an app with the same | ||
| name and logo as Zappy Bird and redirect users to a malicious site. | ||
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| The client ID used for the OAuth flow is `<identity npub> <relay>`, where `<identity npub>` is the public key of the | ||
| identity keypair (in bech32 "npub" format) and `<relay>` is the Nostr relay where the client app published the 13195 | ||
| event. The client ID is used by the VASP to look up the client app's registration event, show the user the app's metadata, | ||
| and limit the redirect URIs to those listed in the event. | ||
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| ### Client App Verification | ||
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| Once the client app has published this event, it can be optionally verified by an authority via a | ||
| [NIP-32 label event](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/32.md). | ||
| For example, if "Ol' Reliable Fintech" is a known trusted verifier of client applications, VASPs could look for a label | ||
| event from them for the given 13195 event and show the user a “verified” badge. The VASP can also check the listed domain | ||
| for NIP-05 verification. In order to be verified by a trusted authority, the client application can manually register | ||
| with an authority. As a future optimization, they can issue a | ||
| [NIP-89 Data Vending Machine](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/90.md) request to optionally pay | ||
| anyone claiming to be an authority to issue labels verifying their app identity event. This can be automatic, | ||
| asynchronous, and fully decentralized. | ||
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| For more details on the Nostr protocol for client app registration, see | ||
| [NIP-68](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1383), which was designed specifically for this purpose. | ||
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| ## OAuth Connection Flow | ||
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| The OAuth connection flow is a standard OAuth 2.0 flow with a few UMA-specific parameters and details. Client applications | ||
| first need to discover the UMA VASP's OAuth endpoints and supported features. This is done by fetching the VASP's UMA | ||
| configuration document from `/.well-known/uma-configuration` on the VASP's domain. See [UMAD-10](/umad-10-configuration-document.md) | ||
| for more details. The configuration document should contain the following fields relevant to UMA Auth: | ||
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| - `authorization_endpoint`: The URL of the VASP's authorization endpoint. This is where the client application should send | ||
| the user to authenticate and authorize the client application to access their wallet. | ||
| - `token_endpoint`: The URL of the VASP's token endpoint. This is where the client application exchanges an authorization | ||
| code for an access token (a new NWC Connection), and where the client application can refresh an access token. | ||
| - `nwc_commands_supported`: An array of strings representing the NWC commands that the VASP supports. This should be an | ||
| array of strings, where each string is a valid NWC command name. | ||
| - `grant_types_supported`: An array of strings representing the OAuth grant types that the VASP supports. For now, in | ||
| most cases, this should just be `["authorization_code"]`. | ||
| - `code_challenge_methods_supported`: An array of strings representing the PKCE code challenge methods that the VASP | ||
| supports. For now, in most cases, this should just be `["S256"]`. | ||
| - `connection_management_endpoint`: The URL of the VASP's connection management endpoint. This is where the user can | ||
| create, update, and delete NWC Connections. | ||
| - `revocation_endpoint`: The URL of the VASP's revocation endpoint. This is where the client application can revoke an | ||
| access token (NWC Connection). | ||
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| As with any OAuth 2.0 flow, the client application should start the auth flow by redirect the user to the VASP's | ||
| authorization endpoint with the following query parameters: | ||
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| ### Auth Request URL Params | ||
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| An example URL for the auth request might look like this: | ||
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| ```url | ||
| <authorization_endpoint>?client_id=npub37fd9…%3Awss%3A%2F%2Fmyrelay.info&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fexample.com&response_type=code&code_challenge=a43f6ed&code_challenge_method=S256&state=foobar&required_commands=pay_invoice%20make_invoice%20lookup_invoice&optional_commands=list_transactions&budget=10.USD%2Fmonthly&expires_at=1717964120 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| OAuth params above are listed first, followed by UMA-specific params. | ||
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| Standard OAuth Params: | ||
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| - `client_id` in the format `identity_npub identity_relay`: This will be used to lookup the client app as described above | ||
| in the client app registration section. | ||
| - `redirect_uri`: The redirect URI which will receive callback data from the wallet service on successful authentication. | ||
| It will get back the auth code that can be exchanged for a token. If there was a kind-13195 nostr event as described above, | ||
| the wallet will validate this redirect URI against declared allowed patterns. | ||
| - `response_type=code`: Indicates that the “Authorization Code” flow will be used. | ||
| - `code_challenge` and `code_challenge_method`: The PKCE exchange details. | ||
| - `state`: Optional oauth state param for CSRF and state restoration. | ||
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| Extra NWC params: | ||
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| - required_commands: A space-separated list of commands that the app requires from the wallet. The wallet MUST NOT connect | ||
| if it does not support all of these permissions, or if the user does not grant one of them. | ||
| - optional_commands: (optional) A space-separated list of commands that the wallet can enable to add additional functionality. | ||
| The wallet MAY ignore these. | ||
| - budget: (optional) Requested budget in the format `<max_amount>.<currency>/<period>`. If the `.<currency>` is omitted, | ||
| satoshis are assumed. If `/<period>` is omitted, it’s a budget forever. For example, a budget string of “1000” would mean | ||
| that this connection can only ever be used for a maximum of 1000 satoshis sent. | ||
| - expires_at: (optional) connection cannot be used after this date. Unix timestamp in seconds. | ||
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| ### Authorization Response | ||
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| The auth request's redirect follows the standard OAuth 2.0 flow. Using the `redirect_uri` param, the wallet will redirect | ||
| to the client application with either: | ||
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| `?error=ACCESS_DENIED&error_description=Some%20short%20message` | ||
| (see | ||
| [here](https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/authorization/the-authorization-response/#:~:text=longer%20be%20used.-,Error%20Response,-There%20are%20two) | ||
| for full description of errors) | ||
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| or | ||
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| `?code=g0ZGZmNjVmOWI&state=dkZmYxMzE2` | ||
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| If the user denies the request, the wallet will redirect with an error. If the user accepts, and there are no other errors, | ||
| the wallet will redirect with the auth code and state. | ||
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| ### Token Exchange | ||
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| The client application can then exchange the auth code for an access token and refresh token by sending a POST request to | ||
| the VASP's `token_endpoint` as specified in the `uma-configuration` document. An example token request might look like this: | ||
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| ```http | ||
| POST /oauth/token HTTP/1.1 | ||
| Host: https://umanwc.examplevasp.com | ||
| grant_type=authorization_code | ||
| &code=xxxxxxxxxxx | ||
| &redirect_uri=https://example-app.com/redirect | ||
| &code_verifier=Th7UHJdLswIYQxwSg29DbK1a_d9o41uNMTRmuH0PM8zyoMAQ | ||
| &client_id=npub16f80k0f4vg0nnlepxrqxeh81slyzst2d wss://myrelay.info | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The `redirect_uri` and `client_id` must match the values used in the auth request. The `code_verifier` is the PKCE code | ||
| verifier matching the `code_challenge` used in the auth request. If successful, the VASP will respond as follows: | ||
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| ```http | ||
| HTTP/1.1 200 OK | ||
| Content-Type: application/json | ||
| Cache-Control: no-store | ||
| { | ||
| "access_token":"b9d11fe05e266fe7389fdf1359211e7859656a7898d64f3066092156de109b31", | ||
| "token_type":"Bearer", | ||
| "expires_in":86400, | ||
| "refresh_token":"IwOGYzYTlmM2YxOTQ5MGE3YmNmMDFkNTDk", | ||
| "nwc_connection_uri": | ||
| "nostr+walletconnect://a421a5e2a615eff3b797be5318e4e187d24b100748cfaa8d0b390ce659906d8f?relay=wss://relay.getalby.com/v1&secret=b9d11fe05e266fe7389fdf1359211e7859656a7898d64f3066092156de109b31&[email protected]" | ||
| "commands": ["pay_invoice", "fetch_quote", "execute_quote", "make_invoice", "pay_to_address"], | ||
| "budget": "100.USD/month", | ||
| "nwc_expires_at": 1721796505 | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The standard OAuth token response fields are included here along with some details about the established NWC connection. | ||
| The client can use the `nwc_connection_uri` to make requests to the wallet. Note that the `access_token` is the | ||
| `secret` in the `nwc_connection_uri`. This implies that the `nwc_connection_uri` expires when the `access_token` expires | ||
| (denoted by `expires_in`). This is usually fairly short (~2 hours), but can be configured by the VASP. Client apps should | ||
| store the `refresh_token` securely and use it to get a new `access_token` when the old one expires. | ||
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| ### Refreshing Tokens | ||
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| Token refresh works exactly as in OAuth 2.0. The client app sends a POST request to the VASP's `token_endpoint` as follows: | ||
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| ```http | ||
| POST /oauth/token HTTP/1.1 | ||
| Host: https://nwc.uma.jeremykle.in | ||
| grant_type=refresh_token | ||
| &refresh_token=IwOGYzYTlmM2YxOTQ5MGE3YmNmMDFkNTVk | ||
| &client_id=npub16f80k0f4vg0nnlepxrqxeh81slyzst2d:wss://myrelay.info | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The VASP will respond with the same format as the initial access token request. The client app should store the new | ||
| `access_token` and `refresh_token` and use the new `nwc_connection_uri` to make requests to the wallet. | ||
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| ## NWC Requests | ||
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| Requests should be made to the `nwc_connection_uri` provided in the token response. For details on the NWC protocol, see | ||
| [NIP-47](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/47.md). | ||
|
Check failure on line 219 in extensions/umade-01-auth.md
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| ### Pending NIP PRs Adopted in UMA Auth | ||
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| UMA Auth propoeses some new NWC commands to support cross-currency payments and client app registration. These changes | ||
| are proposed in the following NIPs PRs: | ||
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| - [NIP-68: Client App Registration](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1383) | ||
| - [Cross-Currency Payments](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1353) | ||
| - [Add get_budget command](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1504) | ||
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| #### Budgets | ||
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| Budgets can be set per-connection to limit the amount of money that can be sent by a client application in a given period. | ||
| The budget granted is specified in the `budget` field of the token response. The format is `<max_amount>.<currency>/<period>`. | ||
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| Client applications can also fetch the currently available budget for a connection by sending a `get_budget` command to the | ||
| wallet. The wallet will respond with the current budget details as follows: | ||
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| ```json | ||
| { | ||
| "result_type": "get_budget", | ||
| "result": { | ||
| "remaining_budget_msats": 10000, | ||
| "total_budget_msats": 100000, | ||
| "renews_at": 1693876973, // timestamp in seconds since epoch, optional. If not provided, the budget does not renew. | ||
| "renewal_period": "monthly", // daily|weekly|monthly|yearly|never | ||
| "currency": { | ||
| "name": "US Dollar", | ||
| "code": "USD", | ||
| "symbol": "$", | ||
| "decimals": 2, | ||
| "total_budget": 1000, | ||
| "remaining_budget": 100, | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| #### NIP-44 Encryption | ||
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| At the time of writing, NWC uses [NIP-04](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/04.md) for encryption and | ||
| decryption of messages. This encryption protocol has been deprecated in favor of | ||
| [NIP-44](https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/44.md), which is known to be more secure, and has been | ||
| thoroughly audited by security experts. As a result, any NWC connection established via the UMA Auth OAuth flow will | ||
| use NIP-44 for encryption and decryption of messages. | ||
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| ## Additional Resources | ||
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| - [Full Documentation and Guides](https://docs.uma.me/uma-auth/introduction) | ||
| - Client SDKs: | ||
| - [Web/React](https://github.com/uma-universal-money-address/uma-js-sdk) | ||
| - [Android](https://github.com/uma-universal-money-address/uma-auth-client-android) | ||
| - (iOS SDK coming soon) | ||
| - [VASP Open API Schema](https://github.com/uma-universal-money-address/uma-auth-api) | ||
| - [UMA NWC Docker Image](https://github.com/uma-universal-money-address/uma-nwc-server). See the documentation for | ||
| more info. | ||
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