ci: Update all jobs to the latest ubuntu-24.04

(backport <#4124>)
(cherry picked from commit 09a2bcf)

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ defaults:
 jobs:
   style_check:
     name: Style check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Rust toolchain
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         toolchain: [stable, nightly, 1.63.0]
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, macos-14, windows-2022]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, macos-14, windows-2022]
         include:
           - toolchain: beta
-            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            os: ubuntu-24.04
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     env:
       TOOLCHAIN: ${{ matrix.toolchain }}
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
             docker: true
-            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            os: ubuntu-24.04
           - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             docker: true
-            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            os: ubuntu-24.04
           - target: aarch64-apple-darwin
             os: macos-14
           - target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
   test_tier2:
     name: Test tier2
     needs: [test_tier1, style_check]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       max-parallel: 12
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ jobs:
 
   check_cfg:
     name: "Check #[cfg]s"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     env:
       TOOLCHAIN: nightly
     steps:
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ jobs:
   # protection, rather than having to add each job separately.
   success:
     name: success
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - style_check
       - test_tier1