Update to Rust 1.76

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install Rust
       run: |
         rustup set profile minimal
-        rustup toolchain install 1.75 -c rust-docs
-        rustup default 1.75
+        rustup toolchain install 1.76 -c rust-docs
+        rustup default 1.76
     - name: Install mdbook
       run: |
         mkdir bin

listings/ch02-guessing-game-tutorial/listing-02-04/output.txt

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
    = note: expected reference `&String`
               found reference `&{integer}`
 note: method defined here
-  --> /rustc/82e1608dfa6e0b5569232559e3d385fea5a93112/library/core/src/cmp.rs:811:8
+  --> /rustc/07dca489ac2d933c78d3c5158e3f43beefeb02ce/library/core/src/cmp.rs:814:8
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `guessing_game` (bin "guessing_game") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `guessing_game` (bin "guessing_game") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-01-variables-are-immutable/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ error[E0384]: cannot assign twice to immutable variable `x`
   |     ^^^^^ cannot assign twice to immutable variable
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0384`.
-error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-05-mut-cant-change-types/output.txt

@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ help: try removing the method call
   |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `variables` (bin "variables") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-19-statements-vs-expressions/output.txt

@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ help: remove these parentheses
   |
 
 warning: `functions` (bin "functions") generated 1 warning
-error: could not compile `functions` (bin "functions") due to previous error; 1 warning emitted
+error: could not compile `functions` (bin "functions") due to 1 previous error; 1 warning emitted

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-23-statements-dont-return-values/output.txt

@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   |          - help: remove this semicolon to return this value
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `functions` (bin "functions") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `functions` (bin "functions") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-28-if-condition-must-be-bool/output.txt

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   |        ^^^^^^ expected `bool`, found integer
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `branches` (bin "branches") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `branches` (bin "branches") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/no-listing-31-arms-must-return-same-type/output.txt

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ error[E0308]: `if` and `else` have incompatible types
   |                                 expected because of this
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `branches` (bin "branches") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `branches` (bin "branches") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch03-common-programming-concepts/output-only-01-no-type-annotations/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ help: consider giving `guess` an explicit type
   |              ++++++++++++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0284`.
-error: could not compile `no_type_annotations` (bin "no_type_annotations") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `no_type_annotations` (bin "no_type_annotations") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch04-understanding-ownership/listing-04-06/output.txt

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ help: consider changing this to be a mutable reference
   |                         +++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0596`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch04-understanding-ownership/no-listing-04-cant-use-after-move/output.txt

@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ help: consider cloning the value if the performance cost is acceptable
   |                ++++++++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0382`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch04-understanding-ownership/no-listing-10-multiple-mut-not-allowed/output.txt

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ error[E0499]: cannot borrow `s` as mutable more than once at a time
   |                        -- first borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0499`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch04-understanding-ownership/no-listing-12-immutable-and-mutable-not-allowed/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ error[E0502]: cannot borrow `s` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immuta
   |                                -- immutable borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0502`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch04-understanding-ownership/no-listing-14-dangling-reference/output.txt

@@ -7,10 +7,15 @@ error[E0106]: missing lifetime specifier
   |                ^ expected named lifetime parameter
   |
   = help: this function's return type contains a borrowed value, but there is no value for it to be borrowed from
-help: consider using the `'static` lifetime
+help: consider using the `'static` lifetime, but this is uncommon unless you're returning a borrowed value from a `const` or a `static`
   |
 5 | fn dangle() -> &'static String {
   |                 +++++++
+help: instead, you are more likely to want to return an owned value
+  |
+5 - fn dangle() -> &String {
+5 + fn dangle() -> String {
+  |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0106`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch04-understanding-ownership/no-listing-19-slice-error/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ error[E0502]: cannot borrow `s` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immuta
    |                                       ---- immutable borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0502`.
-error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `ownership` (bin "ownership") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch05-using-structs-to-structure-related-data/listing-05-11/output.txt

@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ error[E0277]: `Rectangle` doesn't implement `std::fmt::Display`
    = note: this error originates in the macro `$crate::format_args_nl` which comes from the expansion of the macro `println` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `rectangles` (bin "rectangles") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `rectangles` (bin "rectangles") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch05-using-structs-to-structure-related-data/no-listing-05-dbg-macro/output.txt

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ $ cargo run
    Compiling rectangles v0.1.0 (file:///projects/rectangles)
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.61s
      Running `target/debug/rectangles`
-[src/main.rs:10] 30 * scale = 60
-[src/main.rs:14] &rect1 = Rectangle {
+[src/main.rs:10:16] 30 * scale = 60
+[src/main.rs:14:5] &rect1 = Rectangle {
     width: 60,
     height: 50,
 }

listings/ch05-using-structs-to-structure-related-data/output-only-01-debug/output.txt

@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ help: consider annotating `Rectangle` with `#[derive(Debug)]`
    |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `rectangles` (bin "rectangles") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `rectangles` (bin "rectangles") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch06-enums-and-pattern-matching/no-listing-07-cant-use-option-directly/output.txt

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ error[E0277]: cannot add `Option<i8>` to `i8`
             <&i8 as Add<&i8>>
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch06-enums-and-pattern-matching/no-listing-10-non-exhaustive-match/output.txt

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ error[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `None` not covered
   |               ^ pattern `None` not covered
   |
 note: `Option<i32>` defined here
- --> /rustc/82e1608dfa6e0b5569232559e3d385fea5a93112/library/core/src/option.rs:569:1
- ::: /rustc/82e1608dfa6e0b5569232559e3d385fea5a93112/library/core/src/option.rs:573:5
+ --> /rustc/07dca489ac2d933c78d3c5158e3f43beefeb02ce/library/core/src/option.rs:570:1
+ ::: /rustc/07dca489ac2d933c78d3c5158e3f43beefeb02ce/library/core/src/option.rs:574:5
   |
   = note: not covered
   = note: the matched value is of type `Option<i32>`
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ help: ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm wit
   |
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0004`.
-error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch07-managing-growing-projects/listing-07-12/output.txt

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ warning: unused import: `crate::front_of_house::hosting`
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0433`.
 warning: `restaurant` (lib) generated 1 warning
-error: could not compile `restaurant` (lib) due to previous error; 1 warning emitted
+error: could not compile `restaurant` (lib) due to 1 previous error; 1 warning emitted

listings/ch08-common-collections/listing-08-06/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ error[E0502]: cannot borrow `v` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immuta
   |                                     ------- immutable borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0502`.
-error: could not compile `collections` (bin "collections") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `collections` (bin "collections") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch08-common-collections/listing-08-19/output.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 $ cargo run
    Compiling collections v0.1.0 (file:///projects/collections)
 error[E0277]: the type `String` cannot be indexed by `{integer}`
- --> src/main.rs:3:13
+ --> src/main.rs:3:16
   |
 3 |     let h = s1[0];
-  |             ^^^^^ `String` cannot be indexed by `{integer}`
+  |                ^ `String` cannot be indexed by `{integer}`
   |
   = help: the trait `Index<{integer}>` is not implemented for `String`
   = help: the following other types implement trait `Index<Idx>`:
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ error[E0277]: the type `String` cannot be indexed by `{integer}`
             <String as Index<RangeToInclusive<usize>>>
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `collections` (bin "collections") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `collections` (bin "collections") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch09-error-handling/listing-09-10/output.txt

@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a function that returns `Resu
   = help: the trait `FromResidual<Result<Infallible, std::io::Error>>` is not implemented for `()`
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `error-handling` (bin "error-handling") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `error-handling` (bin "error-handling") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch10-generic-types-traits-and-lifetimes/listing-10-05/output.txt

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ help: consider restricting type parameter `T`
   |             ++++++++++++++++++++++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0369`.
-error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch10-generic-types-traits-and-lifetimes/listing-10-07/output.txt

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ error[E0308]: mismatched types
   |                                      ^^^ expected integer, found floating-point number
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch10-generic-types-traits-and-lifetimes/listing-10-16/output.txt

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ error[E0597]: `x` does not live long enough
   |                       - borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0597`.
-error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch10-generic-types-traits-and-lifetimes/listing-10-20/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ help: consider introducing a named lifetime parameter
   |           ++++     ++          ++          ++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0106`.
-error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch10-generic-types-traits-and-lifetimes/listing-10-23/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ error[E0597]: `string2` does not live long enough
   |                                          ------ borrow later used here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0597`.
-error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch10-generic-types-traits-and-lifetimes/no-listing-09-unrelated-lifetime/output.txt

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ error[E0515]: cannot return value referencing local variable `result`
    |     `result` is borrowed here
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0515`.
-error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `chapter10` (bin "chapter10") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch11-writing-automated-tests/listing-11-01/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+pub fn add(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
+    left + right
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
     #[test]
     fn it_works() {
-        let result = 2 + 2;
+        let result = add(2, 2);
         assert_eq!(result, 4);
     }
 }

listings/ch12-an-io-project/listing-12-01/output.txt

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ $ cargo run
    Compiling minigrep v0.1.0 (file:///projects/minigrep)
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.61s
      Running `target/debug/minigrep`
-[src/main.rs:5] args = [
+[src/main.rs:5:5] args = [
     "target/debug/minigrep",
 ]

listings/ch12-an-io-project/output-only-01-with-args/output.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ $ cargo run -- needle haystack
    Compiling minigrep v0.1.0 (file:///projects/minigrep)
     Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.57s
      Running `target/debug/minigrep needle haystack`
-[src/main.rs:5] args = [
+[src/main.rs:5:5] args = [
     "target/debug/minigrep",
     "needle",
     "haystack",

listings/ch12-an-io-project/output-only-02-missing-lifetimes/output.txt

@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ help: consider introducing a named lifetime parameter
    |              ++++         ++                 ++              ++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0106`.
-error: could not compile `minigrep` (lib) due to previous error
+error: could not compile `minigrep` (lib) due to 1 previous error

listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-03/output.txt

@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ note: closure parameter defined here
   |                            ^
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
-error: could not compile `closure-example` (bin "closure-example") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `closure-example` (bin "closure-example") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch13-functional-features/listing-13-08/output.txt

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ error[E0507]: cannot move out of `value`, a captured variable in an `FnMut` clos
    |                              ^^^^^ move occurs because `value` has type `String`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0507`.
-error: could not compile `rectangles` (bin "rectangles") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `rectangles` (bin "rectangles") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch14-more-about-cargo/output-only-02-add-one/add/add_one/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+pub fn add(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
+    left + right
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
     #[test]
     fn it_works() {
-        let result = 2 + 2;
+        let result = add(2, 2);
         assert_eq!(result, 4);
     }
 }

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/listing-15-03/output.txt

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ help: insert some indirection (e.g., a `Box`, `Rc`, or `&`) to break the cycle
   |               ++++    +
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0072`.
-error: could not compile `cons-list` (bin "cons-list") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `cons-list` (bin "cons-list") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/listing-15-09/output.txt

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ error[E0614]: type `MyBox<{integer}>` cannot be dereferenced
    |                   ^^
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0614`.
-error: could not compile `deref-example` (bin "deref-example") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `deref-example` (bin "deref-example") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/listing-15-15/output.txt

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ help: consider using `drop` function
    |     +++++ ~
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0040`.
-error: could not compile `drop-example` (bin "drop-example") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `drop-example` (bin "drop-example") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/listing-15-17/output.txt

@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ error[E0382]: use of moved value: `a`
    |                              ^ value used here after move
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0382`.
-error: could not compile `cons-list` (bin "cons-list") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `cons-list` (bin "cons-list") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/listing-15-21/output.txt

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ help: consider changing this to be a mutable reference
    |             ~~~~~~~~~
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0596`.
-error: could not compile `limit-tracker` (lib test) due to previous error
+error: could not compile `limit-tracker` (lib test) due to 1 previous error

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/no-listing-01-cant-borrow-immutable-as-mutable/output.txt

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ help: consider changing this to be mutable
   |         +++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0596`.
-error: could not compile `borrowing` (bin "borrowing") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `borrowing` (bin "borrowing") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch15-smart-pointers/output-only-01-comparing-to-reference/output.txt

@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ error[E0277]: can't compare `{integer}` with `&{integer}`
   = note: this error originates in the macro `assert_eq` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
-error: could not compile `deref-example` (bin "deref-example") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `deref-example` (bin "deref-example") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch16-fearless-concurrency/listing-16-03/output.txt

@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ help: to force the closure to take ownership of `v` (and any other referenced va
   |                                ++++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0373`.
-error: could not compile `threads` (bin "threads") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `threads` (bin "threads") due to 1 previous error

listings/ch16-fearless-concurrency/listing-16-09/output.txt

@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ help: consider cloning the value if the performance cost is acceptable
    |                    ++++++++
 
 For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0382`.
-error: could not compile `message-passing` (bin "message-passing") due to previous error
+error: could not compile `message-passing` (bin "message-passing") due to 1 previous error