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content/blog/html/animal_farming_rural_zambia.html

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+<p>Factory farming in the United States and other developed countries <a href="http://lesswrong.com/lw/i3s/why_eat_less_meat/">is no doubt terrible</a>. And <a href="http://us14.campaign-archive1.com/?u=66df320da8400b581cbc1b539&amp;id=1096590fac&amp;e=a6c8a51ace">while other developing countries are catching up in their sophistication</a>, it is not clear yet what factory farming is like in the least developed parts of the developing world where most aid is focused. Instead, most rural livestock in the developing world <a href="http://igrow.org/livestock/beef/raising-livestock-in-kenya-comparing-and-contrasting-animal-health-issues/">is kept in a pastoral farming system</a> that is relatively “free range”. However, little information is publicly available on the internet about what this is like or how much animal suffering is involved relative to the developed country horror of factory farming.</p>
+
+<p>One such site visit exploring what this looks was seen in <a href="https://www.givewell.org/research/site-visits/november-2012#GiveDirectly">GiveWell’s 2012 Kenyan site visit</a> (for example, <a href="https://get.google.com/albumarchive/109427789386001570492/album/AF1QipMGHhECE2tuMXz1-OkgdN7zoMT0GVpC_C6d-88u/AF1QipOcrWvwkOBRMb1ZFjfme8mpTqKJWdm2TjYv8KLX?authKey=CL6w6q2Sl6WbLg">this photo</a>). To gather a bit more qualitative information on what animal farming could be like, I commissioned a different site visit to Zambia. <a href="https://contractwork.vipulnaik.com/payer.php?payer=Peter%20Hurford">Using Vipul Naik as an intermediary</a>, I paid $570 to Sebastian Sanchez (“Sebas”) to visit and report on farming in Zambia<a href="#fn:1" id="fnref:1" title="see footnote" class="footnote"><sup>1</sup></a> during the course of his already pre-planned trip to Africa. This money was to compensate Sebastian for his time and his costs of travel and doing business. I explained the project to Sebas as “consisting in visiting facilities and qualitatively assessing farming and agricultural practices for nonhuman animals”. Sebas arranged his visits with the help of a local guide. His guide also connected him with a taxi driver. Both of these people were compensated by Sebas via the money I provided.</p>
+
+<h2 id="firstvisit:abattoir">First Visit: Abattoir</h2>
+
+<p><strong>Media here (pictures and video!): <a href="https://www.facebook.com/seba.sanchez.3998/media_set?set=a.10156676891004377.1073741837.634404376&amp;type=3&amp;pnref=story">https://www.facebook.com/seba.sanchez.3998/media_set?set=a.10156676891004377.1073741837.634404376&amp;type=3&amp;pnref=story</a></strong></p>
+
+<p>On 1 September 2017, with the help of his guide, David, who introduced him to a taxi driver named Muulu, Sebas visited one of two slaughterhouses in Livingstone, Zambia where he was staying. Sebas was able to get permission to enter the abattoir after tipping the wife of one of the workers. The other slaughterhouse was more modern and could be seen from this slaughterhouse.</p>
+
+<p>In the slaughterhouse, chickens can be seen roaming outside freely. In a Facebook comment, David clarifies that this slaughterhouse is only for slaughtering cattle, whereas pigs would typically be slaughtered by the owner at home. Throughout the videos, Muluu describes that cattle owners would bring their own cattle in to be slaughtered. The slaughter process which is said to involve shooting cattle with a bullet that is supposed to kill instantly. Sebas observes that the place is generally unhygienic and full of flies. While animal skin of ill animals is burnt in a furnace, decaying animal skin from healthier animals can be seen in the open.</p>
+
+<h2 id="secondvisit:largefarmincountryside">Second Visit: Large Farm in Countryside</h2>
+
+<p><strong>Media here: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/seba.sanchez.3998/media_set?set=a.10156677566689377.1073741838.634404376&amp;type=3&amp;pnref=story">https://www.facebook.com/seba.sanchez.3998/media_set?set=a.10156677566689377.1073741838.634404376&amp;type=3&amp;pnref=story</a></strong></p>
+
+<p>On 3 September 2017, Sebastian visited the countryside with his guide, David, his taxi driver, Muuluu, and one other unrelated person and headed to a farm which had several facilities scattered across a large state. This farm belonged to a white man of Afrikaner descent who claimed to have about 7,000 hectares of land in Southern Zambia. The farmer was hostile toward David and Muulu as he claimed to be concerned about robbery from locals. The farm owner was informed that the video recording was part of a research project. The farm owner did not accept any tips.</p>
+
+<p>Sebas tipped an employee of the farm about five dollars, and the employee showed him a large poultry area. The area was said to contain 3700 chicken in 1750m<sup>2</sup> (0.43 acre), which is about 0.5 square meter (<sub>5</sub> square feet) per chicken. This is comparable to, if not a little better than, <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/bruce-friedrich/eggs-from-caged-hens_b_2458525.html">the density of an American factory farm</a>, however, here the chickens were not in cages and could freely move around. (For further comparison, a standard sheet of paper is about 0.7 square feet.) Later on, the farm owner demonstrates intensely confining three chickens to a small cage, but says that the confinement is actually slightly better than the European standard.</p>
+
+<p>Sebastian notes that in his travels he felt like chickens were the most frequently farmed animal and the animal people most frequently eat. Separately, Sebas saw live chicken being carried by their wings while the person holding them was riding a bike.</p>
+
+<p>Later, Sebas is shown by the farm owner a bunch of cows that freely range with a good deal of space. The farmer claims to care about avoiding animal cruelty and avoids needlessly beating his animals. The farmer says he avoids putting too many chickens in one cage mainly to avoid robbery. The farmer told Sebas a story about robbers who inexpertly killed a cow for the meat and the cow agonized for a long period of time. The farmer says he shoots his animals himself to avoid excess cruelty.</p>
+
+<p>The farmer invited Sebas to stay longer afterwards, but Sebas turned him down.</p>
+
+<h2 id="thirdvisit:ruralvillage">Third Visit: Rural Village</h2>
+
+<p><strong>Media here: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/seba.sanchez.3998/media_set?set=a.10156685699114377.1073741839.634404376&amp;type=3&amp;pnref=story">https://www.facebook.com/seba.sanchez.3998/media_set?set=a.10156685699114377.1073741839.634404376&amp;type=3&amp;pnref=story</a></strong></p>
+
+<p>After visiting the farm, Sebas and David went to the village of Siyakasipa, which is very poor and not English speaking. (English is widely spoken in Zambia, even by kids.) For the most part, the cattle range free. However, during a drive, Sebas could see cattle kept in a pen. While the pen was not particularly intense confinement, the cattle were definitely limited in their range of motion and it did not appear like they had access to adequate food or water. David explains that the cattle in the village are killed with an axe.</p>
+
+<h2 id="endnote">Endnote</h2>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<hr />
+<ol>
+
+<li id="fn:1">
+<p>We originally had talked about visiting Tanzania, but Zambia ended up being more convenient for Sebastian. <a href="#fnref:1" title="return to body" class="reversefootnote">&#160;&#8617;</a></p>
+</li>
+
+</ol>
+</div>

content/blog/html/announcing_prioritywiki.html

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+<p><em>This essay was jointly written by Peter Hurford and Marcus A. Davis.</em></p>
+
+<p>Locating and keeping up to date on all of the information in all every cause worthy of attention is time-consuming work, and a task we think is likely to be duplicated many times over by individuals and organizations. It’s very useful when deciding what interventions to spend your time or money on to know what work has already been done in the area.</p>
+
+<p>However, much research is done and then lost to the sands of time, buried on some webpage somewhere. It takes significant effort to remember where all the relevant research lives. It would be nice to synthesize all of this research into one place.</p>
+
+<p>This is why we’ve created <a href="http://priority.wiki/">PriorityWiki</a>, a cause prioritization wiki anyone can edit which categorizes particular interventions within broader causes. For each of these interventions and causes, we link out to high-level summaries on the topic that have been done within (and outside of) the broadly defined effective altruism community. From there, you hopefully have a good launching pad to all the relevant research in any topic.</p>
+
+<p>We’ve seeded this wiki with intervention specific links to work from Open Philanthropy, GiveWell, 80,000 Hours, Animal Charity Evaluators, and others on a wide range of topics. For example, within the the high-level of cause of “Developed World Health”, we’ve further subdivided the page into the type of intervention and link out to specific reviews into anti-malarial interventions, vaccinations, smoking interventions.</p>
+
+<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-ff6a346b-14d1-654d-de0b-ac48b9547b65"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/SeEmKvIO7niqCA8_uR3Vx7vdOsppt4q2NN36ThsOEbR5o6PYthXuNoK8KxOKQZeBVgg528gIdSIdBU_BzW8_nU0dieBlEtdxJpitn8uWIIh5RZqaKpmjjCmkM-fz36PLjtc_cJDH" alt="" /></span></span></p>
+
+<p>While we have seeded the wiki with initial content, it is not currently comprehensive in any cause area and doesn’t include all plausible interventions. We would like for this wiki will serve as a resource to quickly locate and investigate what work has been done on all causes. We would hope that it will at least significantly reduce some of the time-consuming work of trying to gather what research has been done on intervention ideas.</p>
+
+<p>The wiki is editable by anyone without logging in but also supports accounts, and signing in with Google. All of the changes are logged publicly on GitHub with the site itself hosted <a href="https://github.com/peterhurford/priority-wiki">here</a> and specific pages <a href="https://github.com/peterhurford/priority-wiki-content">here</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If you’re interested in expanding this, you are free to add content. Just get started at the <a href="http://priority.wiki/">PriorityWiki</a>.</p>