Add table alter tests, update sink handling, and mutability in db system

e2e_test/sink/sink_into_table/alter_column.slt

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+statement ok
+SET RW_IMPLICIT_FLUSH TO true;
+
+statement ok
+create table t_simple_1 (v1 int);
+
+statement ok
+create table m_simple (v1 int primary key);
+
+statement ok
+create sink s_simple_1 into m_simple as select v1 from t_simple_1;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t_simple_1 values (1), (2), (3);
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query I rowsort
+select * from m_simple;
+----
+1
+2
+3
+
+statement ok
+alter table m_simple add column v2 int;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t_simple_1 values (4);
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query II rowsort
+select * from m_simple;
+----
+1	NULL
+2	NULL
+3	NULL
+4	NULL
+
+statement ok
+create table t_simple_2 (v1 int, v2 int);
+
+statement ok
+create sink s_simple_2 into m_simple as select v1, v2 from t_simple_2;
+
+statement ok
+insert into t_simple_2 values (100, 101), (200, 201), (300, 301);
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query II rowsort
+select * from m_simple;
+----
+1	NULL
+100	101
+2	NULL
+200	201
+3	NULL
+300	301
+4	NULL
+
+statement error dropping columns in target table of sinks is not supported
+alter table m_simple drop column v2;
+
+statement ok
+drop sink s_simple_1;
+
+statement ok
+drop sink s_simple_2;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t_simple_1;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t_simple_2;
+
+statement ok
+drop table m_simple;
+
+# target table with row_id as primary key
+statement ok
+create table t_s1 (v1 int);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t_s1 values (1), (2), (3);
+
+statement ok
+create table t_row_id_as_primary_key (v1 int, v2 int default 1000);
+
+statement ok
+create sink s1 into t_row_id_as_primary_key as select v1 from t_s1 with (type = 'append-only', force_append_only = 'true');
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query II rowsort
+select * from t_row_id_as_primary_key;
+----
+1	1000
+2	1000
+3	1000
+
+statement ok
+alter table t_row_id_as_primary_key add column v3 int;
+
+query III rowsort
+select * from t_row_id_as_primary_key;
+----
+1	1000	NULL
+2	1000	NULL
+3	1000	NULL
+
+statement ok
+create sink s11 into t_row_id_as_primary_key as select v1+1000 as v1, v1+2000 as v2, v1+3000 as v3 from t_s1 with (type = 'append-only', force_append_only = 'true');
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query III rowsort
+select * from t_row_id_as_primary_key;
+----
+1	1000	NULL
+1001	2001	3001
+1002	2002	3002
+1003	2003	3003
+2	1000	NULL
+3	1000	NULL
+
+statement ok
+drop sink s1;
+
+statement ok
+drop sink s11;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t_row_id_as_primary_key;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t_s1;
+
+# target table with append only
+statement ok
+create table t_s2 (v1 int);
+
+statement ok
+insert into t_s2 values (1), (2), (3);
+
+statement ok
+create table t_append_only (v1 int, v2 int default 1000) append only;
+
+statement ok
+create sink s2 into t_append_only as select v1 from t_s2 with (type = 'append-only', force_append_only = 'true');
+
+statement ok
+flush;
+
+query II rowsort
+select * from t_append_only;
+----
+1	1000
+2	1000
+3	1000
+
+statement ok
+alter table t_append_only add column v3 int;
+
+query III rowsort
+select * from t_append_only;
+----
+1	1000	NULL
+2	1000	NULL
+3	1000	NULL
+
+statement ok
+create sink s21 into t_append_only as select v1+1000 as v1, v1+2000 as v2, v1+3000 as v3 from t_s2 with (type = 'append-only', force_append_only = 'true');
+
+query III rowsort
+select * from t_append_only;
+----
+1	1000	NULL
+1001	2001	3001
+1002	2002	3002
+1003	2003	3003
+2	1000	NULL
+3	1000	NULL
+
+statement ok
+drop sink s21;
+
+statement ok
+drop sink s2;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t_append_only;
+
+statement ok
+drop table t_s2;

e2e_test/sink/sink_into_table/basic.slt

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ create table m_simple (v1 int primary key, v2 int);
 statement ok
 create sink s_simple_1 into m_simple as select v1, v2 from t_simple;
 
-# we can't alter a table with incoming sinks
-statement error Feature is not yet implemented: alter table with incoming sinks
-alter table m_simple add column v3 int;
-
 statement ok
 drop sink s_simple_1;
 

proto/catalog.proto

@@ -195,6 +195,9 @@ message Sink {
   // Handle the sink relies on any sceret. The key is the propertity name and the value is the secret id and type.
   // Used for connect options.
   map<string, secret.SecretRef> secret_refs = 25;
+
+  // only for the sink whose target is a table. Columns of the target table when the sink is created. At this point all the default columns of the target table are all handled by the project operator in the sink plan.
+  repeated plan_common.ColumnCatalog original_target_columns = 26;
 }
 
 message Subscription {

src/connector/src/sink/catalog/desc.rs

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ impl SinkDesc {
             created_at_cluster_version: None,
             initialized_at_cluster_version: None,
             create_type: self.create_type,
+            original_target_columns: vec![],
         }
     }
 

src/connector/src/sink/catalog/mod.rs

@@ -350,6 +350,9 @@ pub struct SinkCatalog {
 
     /// The secret reference for the sink, mapping from property name to secret id.
     pub secret_refs: BTreeMap<String, PbSecretRef>,
+
+    /// Only for the sink whose target is a table. Columns of the target table when the sink is created. At this point all the default columns of the target table are all handled by the project operator in the sink plan.
+    pub original_target_columns: Vec<ColumnCatalog>,
 }
 
 impl SinkCatalog {
@@ -392,6 +395,11 @@ impl SinkCatalog {
             initialized_at_cluster_version: self.initialized_at_cluster_version.clone(),
             create_type: self.create_type.to_proto() as i32,
             secret_refs: self.secret_refs.clone(),
+            original_target_columns: self
+                .original_target_columns
+                .iter()
+                .map(|c| c.to_protobuf())
+                .collect_vec(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -486,6 +494,11 @@ impl From<PbSink> for SinkCatalog {
             created_at_cluster_version: pb.created_at_cluster_version,
             create_type: CreateType::from_proto(create_type),
             secret_refs: pb.secret_refs,
+            original_target_columns: pb
+                .original_target_columns
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(ColumnCatalog::from)
+                .collect_vec(),
         }
     }
 }

src/frontend/src/catalog/table_catalog.rs

@@ -464,6 +464,24 @@ impl TableCatalog {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn default_column_exprs(columns: &[ColumnCatalog]) -> Vec<ExprImpl> {
+        columns
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| {
+                if let Some(GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc {
+                    expr,
+                    ..
+                })) = c.column_desc.generated_or_default_column.as_ref()
+                {
+                    ExprImpl::from_expr_proto(expr.as_ref().unwrap())
+                        .expect("expr in default columns corrupted")
+                } else {
+                    ExprImpl::literal_null(c.data_type().clone())
+                }
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     pub fn default_columns(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, ExprImpl)> + '_ {
         self.columns.iter().enumerate().filter_map(|(i, c)| {
             if let Some(GeneratedOrDefaultColumn::DefaultColumn(DefaultColumnDesc {