rerun_py.dataframe: add support for .filter_index_values #13423

Job	Run time
cpp-paths-filter	7s
docs-paths-filter	7s
rust-paths-filter	5s
python-paths-filter	6s
web-paths-filter	5s
Checks / Rerun lints	40s
Checks / Lint markdown	15s
Checks / Check if running codegen would produce any changes	1m 32s
Checks / Check links	17s
Checks / Misc formatting	15s
Checks / Spell Check	6s
Update PR Body / Update PR body	16s
Build rerun_js / Build rerun_js	2m 5s
Build web viewer / Build web viewer	2m 2s
Python Checks / Test Python Docs	29s
Python Checks / Python lints (ruff, mypy, …)	39s
Rust Checks / Rust lints (fmt, check, clippy, tests, doc)	1m 58s
Minimum CLI Build / Set Config (linux-x64)	1s
Rust Checks / Test on macOS and Windows	0s
C++ tests	0s
Deploy Landing Preview	0s
Minimum CLI Build / Build rerun-cli (ubuntu-latest-16-cores)	1m 41s
Minimum Wheel Build	0s
Minimum Wheel Test	0s
Upload Web	0s
Save PR Summary	0s
	12m 46s

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