(feat): Support for `pandas` `ExtensionArray` #12224

Job	Run time
Event File	3s
detect ci trigger	4s
ubuntu-latest py3.9	8m 30s
ubuntu-latest py3.11	8m 52s
ubuntu-latest py3.12	7m 4s
macos-latest py3.9	24m 54s
macos-latest py3.11	18m 56s
macos-latest py3.12	20m 20s
windows-latest py3.9	14m 41s
windows-latest py3.11	15m 37s
windows-latest py3.12	15m 6s
ubuntu-latest py3.9 bare-minimum	3m 8s
ubuntu-latest py3.9 min-all-deps	6m 58s
ubuntu-latest py3.10 all-but-dask	7m 3s
ubuntu-latest py3.10 flaky	8m 39s
	2h 39m 55s

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