python, linting: Align ruff with upstream

[austin3dickey]

Addresses #5667. This PR aligns the positron-python pyproject.toml with the upstream, which includes a lot of ruff linting.

Release Notes

New Features

• N/A

Bug Fixes

• N/A

QA Notes

This is a fairly big code change to the Python extension, but it's all linting, so I don't expect any behavior differences. I ran a full suite of tests. So I think we just want to be sure that Python comes up and we can use the kernel/console in a release build.

[github-actions]

E2E Tests 🚀
This PR will run tests tagged with: @:critical

^{readme  valid tags}

[austin3dickey]

good start: Found 902 errors (540 fixed, 362 remaining).

[austin3dickey]

This should be good to go; CI is green (though to be fair I'm still combing through the diff to make sure there's nothing unexpected 😄)

[austin3dickey]

Now this looks like the upstream plus a couple fences.

[seeM]

LGTM! Thanks for taking this one for the team 😄 I suggest manually running the E2E testing GH action against this branch before merging to main as one added precaution given the size of this PR.

[isabelizimm]

everything looks great! this work is so appreciated, thank you for grabbing this issue!

post #6085 merge it does look like there are a bunch of conflicts 😬 lmk if you have any questions, it should just be renaming files 🤞

[austin3dickey]

I suggest manually running the E2E testing GH action

Good idea; kicked off a full suite here

it does look like there are a bunch of conflicts

Luckily it wasn't bad at all! I don't know why the GitHub UI showed so many. Locally I only had to fix a couple imports in like 6 files. I didn't have to rename anything 🙂

[juliasilge]

Full test suite is green! ✅