pool and buf

Data structure and interface

/*
 * NGX_MAX_ALLOC_FROM_POOL should be (ngx_pagesize - 1), i.e. 4095 on x86.
 * On Windows NT it decreases a number of locked pages in a kernel.
 */
#define NGX_MAX_ALLOC_FROM_POOL  (ngx_pagesize - 1)

#define NGX_DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE    (16 * 1024)

#define NGX_POOL_ALIGNMENT       16
#define NGX_MIN_POOL_SIZE                                                     \
    ngx_align((sizeof(ngx_pool_t) + 2 * sizeof(ngx_pool_large_t)),            \
              NGX_POOL_ALIGNMENT)


typedef void (*ngx_pool_cleanup_pt)(void *data);

typedef struct ngx_pool_cleanup_s  ngx_pool_cleanup_t;

struct ngx_pool_cleanup_s {
    ngx_pool_cleanup_pt   handler;
    void                 *data;
    ngx_pool_cleanup_t   *next;
};


typedef struct ngx_pool_large_s  ngx_pool_large_t;

struct ngx_pool_large_s {
    ngx_pool_large_t     *next;
    void                 *alloc;
};


typedef struct {
    u_char               *last;
    u_char               *end;
    ngx_pool_t           *next;
    ngx_uint_t            failed;
} ngx_pool_data_t;


struct ngx_pool_s {
    ngx_pool_data_t       d;
    size_t                max;
    ngx_pool_t           *current;
    ngx_chain_t          *chain;
    ngx_pool_large_t     *large;
    ngx_pool_cleanup_t   *cleanup;
    ngx_log_t            *log;
};


typedef struct {
    ngx_fd_t              fd;
    u_char               *name;
    ngx_log_t            *log;
} ngx_pool_cleanup_file_t;



typedef void *            ngx_buf_tag_t;

typedef struct ngx_buf_s  ngx_buf_t;

struct ngx_buf_s {
    u_char          *pos;
    u_char          *last;
    off_t            file_pos;
    off_t            file_last;

    u_char          *start;         /* start of buffer */
    u_char          *end;           /* end of buffer */
    ngx_buf_tag_t    tag;
    ngx_file_t      *file;
    ngx_buf_t       *shadow;


    /* the buf's content could be changed */
    unsigned         temporary:1;

    /*
     * the buf's content is in a memory cache or in a read only memory
     * and must not be changed
     */
    unsigned         memory:1;

    /* the buf's content is mmap()ed and must not be changed */
    unsigned         mmap:1;

    unsigned         recycled:1;
    unsigned         in_file:1;
    unsigned         flush:1;
    unsigned         sync:1;
    unsigned         last_buf:1;
    unsigned         last_in_chain:1;

    unsigned         last_shadow:1;
    unsigned         temp_file:1;

    /* STUB */ int   num;
};


struct ngx_chain_s {
    ngx_buf_t    *buf;
    ngx_chain_t  *next;
};


typedef struct {
    ngx_int_t    num;
    size_t       size;
} ngx_bufs_t;


void *ngx_alloc(size_t size, ngx_log_t *log);
void *ngx_calloc(size_t size, ngx_log_t *log);

ngx_pool_t *ngx_create_pool(size_t size, ngx_log_t *log);
void ngx_destroy_pool(ngx_pool_t *pool);
void ngx_reset_pool(ngx_pool_t *pool);

void *ngx_palloc(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size);
void *ngx_pnalloc(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size);
void *ngx_pcalloc(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size);
void *ngx_pmemalign(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size, size_t alignment);
ngx_int_t ngx_pfree(ngx_pool_t *pool, void *p);

/* 申请内存时附带一些其他资源（比如说打开的文件），这些资源和申请的内存绑定在一起，一起使用和释放。
 */
ngx_pool_cleanup_t *ngx_pool_cleanup_add(ngx_pool_t *p, size_t size);
void ngx_pool_run_cleanup_file(ngx_pool_t *p, ngx_fd_t fd);
void ngx_pool_cleanup_file(void *data);
void ngx_pool_delete_file(void *data);


/* buf
 */
ngx_buf_t *ngx_create_temp_buf(ngx_pool_t *pool, size_t size);
ngx_chain_t *ngx_create_chain_of_bufs(ngx_pool_t *pool, ngx_bufs_t *bufs);


#define ngx_alloc_buf(pool)  ngx_palloc(pool, sizeof(ngx_buf_t))
#define ngx_calloc_buf(pool) ngx_pcalloc(pool, sizeof(ngx_buf_t))

ngx_chain_t *ngx_alloc_chain_link(ngx_pool_t *pool);
#define ngx_free_chain(pool, cl)                                             \
    cl->next = pool->chain;                                                  \
    pool->chain = cl



ngx_int_t ngx_output_chain(ngx_output_chain_ctx_t *ctx, ngx_chain_t *in);
ngx_int_t ngx_chain_writer(void *ctx, ngx_chain_t *in);

ngx_int_t ngx_chain_add_copy(ngx_pool_t *pool, ngx_chain_t **chain,
    ngx_chain_t *in);
ngx_chain_t *ngx_chain_get_free_buf(ngx_pool_t *p, ngx_chain_t **free);
void ngx_chain_update_chains(ngx_pool_t *p, ngx_chain_t **free,
    ngx_chain_t **busy, ngx_chain_t **out, ngx_buf_tag_t tag);

off_t ngx_chain_coalesce_file(ngx_chain_t **in, off_t limit);

ngx_chain_t *ngx_chain_update_sent(ngx_chain_t *in, off_t sent);

Flow

Design characteristics

1. 先预先从系统申请一块大的内存，然后从这块大内存中分配小块内存给应用。减少系统函数调用的次数。
2. 小块内存没有提供单独的释放接口，都是同时释放整块大内存。适合有比较明确的阶段，而对每一个阶段又有明确的实效业务逻辑，比如对每个connection、request的处理。在每个阶段的开始创建内存池，在阶段结束时销毁内存池。
3. 对齐地分配内存。能加快数据的读写。