feat: Backport adding Badge issuance to Redwood

[KyryloKireiev]

This is backport of the commit da22842 to redwood.master

Original PR: #2489

Description:
This pull request implements openedx/platform-roadmap#280 feature.

Changes:

Creates new badges application.
Extends documentation with badges section.
Extends set of credentials
Related documentation:
See temporarily deployed documentation https://raccoongang.github.io/credentials/badges/index.html

Related PR's:

openedx/openedx-events#303
openedx/edx-platform#34749

[openedx-webhooks]

Thanks for the pull request, @KyryloKireiev!

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[deborahgu]

looking at this PR now.

[deborahgu]

I asked a question about this on discourse. I would love if you contributed to talk about why you want the backport. I just want to get signoff from the larger community for a large feature backport.

[cmltaWt0]

Decided to not backport it to the Redwood release.

[mboisson]

I know I am late on the party here, but currently looking at implementing badges. Canvas Badge (Badgr) seemed like a good free option, but Credly (which seems to be the next supported option) seems very costly. Is there a way to keep Badgr support, either through a plugin or extension ? We are using Redwood, but will be upgrading in the future too.