feat: ArrowDataFrame.explode

[FBruzzesi]

What type of PR is this? (check all applicable)

• 💾 Refactor
• ✨ Feature
• 🐛 Bug Fix
• 🔧 Optimization
• 📝 Documentation
• ✅ Test
• 🐳 Other

Checklist

• Code follows style guide (ruff)
• Tests added
• Documented the changes

If you have comments or can explain your changes, please do so below

I will leave this as draft until we decide how to move forward.

To summarize the discussion(s) in #1542 :

• pyarrow native methods ignore nulls and empty list in explode
• the workaround here is to have a "fast_path" for when nulls or empty lists are not present, and a dedicated path for when they are
• the issue is that we enter python world to create the index via one .to_pylist() call
• pandas seems to enter cython anyway to explode a list