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Merge pull request #1697 from mandiant/dynamic-feature-extraction
add dynamic analysis
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
|---|---|---|
| @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ | ||
| [submodule "rules"] | ||
| path = rules | ||
| url = ../capa-rules.git | ||
| branch = dynamic-syntax | ||
| [submodule "tests/data"] | ||
| path = tests/data | ||
| url = ../capa-testfiles.git | ||
| branch = dynamic-feature-extractor |
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
|---|---|---|
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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ | |
| [](LICENSE.txt) | ||
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| capa detects capabilities in executable files. | ||
| You run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, or shellcode file and it tells you what it thinks the program can do. | ||
| You run it against a PE, ELF, .NET module, shellcode file, or a sandbox report and it tells you what it thinks the program can do. | ||
| For example, it might suggest that the file is a backdoor, is capable of installing services, or relies on HTTP to communicate. | ||
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| Check out: | ||
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@@ -125,6 +125,96 @@ function @ 0x4011C0 | |
| ... | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Additionally, capa also supports analyzing [CAPE](https://github.com/kevoreilly/CAPEv2) sandbox reports for dynamic capabilty extraction. | ||
| In order to use this, you first submit your sample to CAPE for analysis, and then run capa against the generated report (JSON). | ||
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| Here's an example of running capa against a packed binary, and then running capa against the CAPE report of that binary: | ||
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| ```yaml | ||
| $ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.exe | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: This sample appears to be packed. | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Packed samples have often been obfuscated to hide their logic. | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: capa cannot handle obfuscation well using static analysis. This means the results may be misleading or incomplete. | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: If possible, you should try to unpack this input file before analyzing it with capa. | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Alternatively, run the sample in a supported sandbox and invoke capa against the report to obtain dynamic analysis results. | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Identified via rule: (internal) packer file limitation | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common: Use -v or -vv if you really want to see the capabilities identified by capa. | ||
| WARNING:capa.capabilities.common:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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| $ capa 05be49819139a3fdcdbddbdefd298398779521f3d68daa25275cc77508e42310.json | ||
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| ┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑ | ||
| │ ATT&CK Tactic │ ATT&CK Technique │ | ||
| ┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥ | ||
| │ CREDENTIAL ACCESS │ Credentials from Password Stores T1555 │ | ||
| ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
| │ DEFENSE EVASION │ File and Directory Permissions Modification T1222 │ | ||
| │ │ Modify Registry T1112 │ | ||
| │ │ Obfuscated Files or Information T1027 │ | ||
| │ │ Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion::User Activity Based Checks T1497.002 │ | ||
| ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
| │ DISCOVERY │ Account Discovery T1087 │ | ||
| │ │ Application Window Discovery T1010 │ | ||
| │ │ File and Directory Discovery T1083 │ | ||
| │ │ Query Registry T1012 │ | ||
| │ │ System Information Discovery T1082 │ | ||
| │ │ System Location Discovery::System Language Discovery T1614.001 │ | ||
| │ │ System Owner/User Discovery T1033 │ | ||
| ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
| │ EXECUTION │ System Services::Service Execution T1569.002 │ | ||
| ├────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ||
| │ PERSISTENCE │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder T1547.001 │ | ||
| │ │ Boot or Logon Autostart Execution::Winlogon Helper DLL T1547.004 │ | ||
| │ │ Create or Modify System Process::Windows Service T1543.003 │ | ||
| ┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙ | ||
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| ┍━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┑ | ||
| │ Capability │ Namespace │ | ||
| ┝━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┿━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┥ | ||
| │ check for unmoving mouse cursor (3 matches) │ anti-analysis/anti-vm/vm-detection │ | ||
| │ gather bitkinex information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
| │ gather classicftp information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
| │ gather filezilla information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
| │ gather total-commander information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
| │ gather ultrafxp information │ collection/file-managers │ | ||
| │ resolve DNS (23 matches) │ communication/dns │ | ||
| │ initialize Winsock library (7 matches) │ communication/socket │ | ||
| │ act as TCP client (3 matches) │ communication/tcp/client │ | ||
| │ create new key via CryptAcquireContext │ data-manipulation/encryption │ | ||
| │ encrypt or decrypt via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/encryption │ | ||
| │ hash data via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │ | ||
| │ initialize hashing via WinCrypt │ data-manipulation/hashing │ | ||
| │ hash data with MD5 │ data-manipulation/hashing/md5 │ | ||
| │ generate random numbers via WinAPI │ data-manipulation/prng │ | ||
| │ extract resource via kernel32 functions (2 matches) │ executable/resource │ | ||
| │ interact with driver via control codes (2 matches) │ host-interaction/driver │ | ||
| │ get Program Files directory (18 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │ | ||
| │ get common file path (575 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system │ | ||
| │ create directory (2 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/create │ | ||
| │ delete file │ host-interaction/file-system/delete │ | ||
| │ get file attributes (122 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │ | ||
| │ set file attributes (8 matches) │ host-interaction/file-system/meta │ | ||
| │ move file │ host-interaction/file-system/move │ | ||
| │ find taskbar (3 matches) │ host-interaction/gui/taskbar/find │ | ||
| │ get keyboard layout (12 matches) │ host-interaction/hardware/keyboard │ | ||
| │ get disk size │ host-interaction/hardware/storage │ | ||
| │ get hostname (4 matches) │ host-interaction/os/hostname │ | ||
| │ allocate or change RWX memory (3 matches) │ host-interaction/process/inject │ | ||
| │ query or enumerate registry key (3 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │ | ||
| │ query or enumerate registry value (8 matches) │ host-interaction/registry │ | ||
| │ delete registry key │ host-interaction/registry/delete │ | ||
| │ start service │ host-interaction/service/start │ | ||
| │ get session user name │ host-interaction/session │ | ||
| │ persist via Run registry key │ persistence/registry/run │ | ||
| │ persist via Winlogon Helper DLL registry key │ persistence/registry/winlogon-helper │ | ||
| │ persist via Windows service (2 matches) │ persistence/service │ | ||
| ┕━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┙ | ||
| ``` | ||
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| capa uses a collection of rules to identify capabilities within a program. | ||
| These rules are easy to write, even for those new to reverse engineering. | ||
| By authoring rules, you can extend the capabilities that capa recognizes. | ||
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@@ -135,31 +225,30 @@ Here's an example rule used by capa: | |
| ```yaml | ||
| rule: | ||
| meta: | ||
| name: hash data with CRC32 | ||
| namespace: data-manipulation/checksum/crc32 | ||
| name: create TCP socket | ||
| namespace: communication/socket/tcp | ||
| authors: | ||
| - [email protected] | ||
| scope: function | ||
| - [email protected] | ||
| - [email protected] | ||
| - [email protected] | ||
| scopes: | ||
| static: basic block | ||
| dynamic: call | ||
| mbc: | ||
| - Data::Checksum::CRC32 [C0032.001] | ||
| - Communication::Socket Communication::Create TCP Socket [C0001.011] | ||
| examples: | ||
| - 2D3EDC218A90F03089CC01715A9F047F:0x403CBD | ||
| - 7D28CB106CB54876B2A5C111724A07CD:0x402350 # RtlComputeCrc32 | ||
| - 7EFF498DE13CC734262F87E6B3EF38AB:0x100084A6 | ||
| - Practical Malware Analysis Lab 01-01.dll_:0x10001010 | ||
| features: | ||
| - or: | ||
| - and: | ||
| - mnemonic: shr | ||
| - number: 6 = IPPROTO_TCP | ||
| - number: 1 = SOCK_STREAM | ||
| - number: 2 = AF_INET | ||
| - or: | ||
| - number: 0xEDB88320 | ||
| - bytes: 00 00 00 00 96 30 07 77 2C 61 0E EE BA 51 09 99 19 C4 6D 07 8F F4 6A 70 35 A5 63 E9 A3 95 64 9E = crc32_tab | ||
| - number: 8 | ||
| - characteristic: nzxor | ||
| - and: | ||
| - number: 0x8320 | ||
| - number: 0xEDB8 | ||
| - characteristic: nzxor | ||
| - api: RtlComputeCrc32 | ||
| - api: ws2_32.socket | ||
| - api: ws2_32.WSASocket | ||
| - api: socket | ||
| - property/read: System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient::Client | ||
| ``` | ||
| The [github.com/mandiant/capa-rules](https://github.com/mandiant/capa-rules) repository contains hundreds of standard library rules that are distributed with capa. | ||
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