Adaptive learning: Extend learning path feature to recommend sequence of competencies

[MaximilianAnzinger]

⚠️ Stacked on #7077 please don't merge accidentally

Checklist

General

• I tested all changes and their related features with all corresponding user types on a test server.
• This is a small issue that I tested locally and was confirmed by another developer on a test server.
• Language: I followed the guidelines for inclusive, diversity-sensitive, and appreciative language.
• I chose a title conforming to the naming conventions for pull requests.

Server

• Important: I implemented the changes with a very good performance and prevented too many (unnecessary) database calls.
• I followed the coding and design guidelines.
• I added multiple integration tests (Spring) related to the features (with a high test coverage).
• I added pre-authorization annotations according to the guidelines and checked the course groups for all new REST Calls (security).
• I documented the Java code using JavaDoc style.

Client

• Important: I implemented the changes with a very good performance, prevented too many (unnecessary) REST calls and made sure the UI is responsive, even with large data.
• I followed the coding and design guidelines.
• Following the theming guidelines, I specified colors only in the theming variable files and checked that the changes look consistent in both the light and the dark theme.
• I added multiple integration tests (Jest) related to the features (with a high test coverage), while following the test guidelines.
• I added authorities to all new routes and checked the course groups for displaying navigation elements (links, buttons).
• I documented the TypeScript code using JSDoc style.
• I added multiple screenshots/screencasts of my UI changes.
• I translated all newly inserted strings into English and German.

Motivation and Context

We want to provide a sequential order of lecture units and exercises for students participating via the learning paths feature.

Description

This PR adds the first step towards generating this sequential order by recommending an order of the competencies.
The LearningPathService is now able to analyze the student's progress and assign utilities to the corresponding competency. The utility accounts for upcoming due dates, prior competencies, relation types between competencies, and the mastery progress. The utilities can then be used to construct the ordering.

Steps for Testing

Prerequisites:

• 1 Instructor
• 1 Student
• 1 Course with multiple competencies and learning paths enabled
• exercises and lecture units for each type linked to competencies
• all possible Competency Relations configured at least once

1. Log in to Artemis as Instructor
2. Navigate to Learning Path Management
3. Open the details view of the learning path by clicking on the View-button
4. Make sure the displayed graph contains all competencies (start & end node), their linked learning objects (after competency start, before competency end), and the edges corresponding to the configured competency relations (A relates/assumes/extends B -> edge from B to A, A matches B -> edges from matching start node to A & B, edges from A & B to matching end node)
5. Log in to Artemis as Student
6. Navigate to the Learning Path participation view in the course
7. Make sure the visualized graph on the left side of your screen is displayed as expected (no mastered competencies displayed, the competencies are ordered sequentially/a chain from top to bottom excluding the nodes for the learning objects)

Review Progress

Performance Review

• I (as a reviewer) confirm that the client changes (in particular related to REST calls and UI responsiveness) are implemented with a very good performance
• I (as a reviewer) confirm that the server changes (in particular related to database calls) are implemented with a very good performance

Code Review

• Code Review 1
• Code Review 2

Manual Tests

• Test 1
• Test 2

Test Coverage

Client

Class/File	Line Coverage	Confirmation (assert/expect)
learning-path-graph.component.ts	90.32%	✅
learning-path-progress-modal.component.ts	100%	✅
learning-path.service.ts	70.58%	✅
learning-path-graph-sidebar.component.ts	70.58%	✅

Server

Class/File	Line Coverage	Confirmation (assert/expect)
LearningPathRepository.java	58%	✅
CompetencyProgressService.java	91%	✅
LearningPathService.java	98%	✅
LearningPathResource.java	91%	✅

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Screenshots

As this PR doesn't change the UI there are no screenshots of shiny new components, just a comparison between the old graph received from the server (in participation view) and the new one:

Previously:

Now:

[lennart-keller]

Retested with Postgres. Works :)

[rstief]

Tested in Testing Session 👍

[Strohgelaender]

lgtm now

The base branch was changed.

[JohannesStoehr]

Approve code after changes

[Strohgelaender]

re-approve code

[Kroko-fant]

looks good to me

[laurenzfb]

LGTM

[florian-glombik]

Tested the changes since c522378 on ts2, the code of these changes looks fine and the alerts are displayed properly.