Merge pull request #26813 from zhiguo-lu/zh-trans-task-certificates

[zh] translate task certificates

content/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates.md

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+---
+title: 证书
+content_type: task
+weight: 20
+---
+<!-- 
+---
+title: Certificates
+content_type: task
+weight: 20
+---
+-->
+
+<!-- overview -->
+
+<!-- 
+When using client certificate authentication, you can generate certificates
+manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
+-->
+在使用客户端证书认证的场景下，你可以通过 `easyrsa`、`openssl` 或 `cfssl` 等工具以手工方式生成证书。
+
+<!-- body -->
+
+### easyrsa
+
+<!-- 
+**easyrsa** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
+-->
+**easyrsa** 支持以手工方式为你的集群生成证书。
+
+<!-- 
+1.  Download, unpack, and initialize the patched version of easyrsa3.
+-->
+1.  下载、解压、初始化打过补丁的 easyrsa3。
+
+        curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz
+        tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz
+        cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3
+        ./easyrsa init-pki
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate a new certificate authority (CA). `--batch` sets automatic mode;
+    `--req-cn` specifies the Common Name (CN) for the CA's new root certificate.
+    -->
+1.  生成新的证书颁发机构（CA）。参数 `--batch` 用于设置自动模式；
+    参数 `--req-cn` 用于设置新的根证书的通用名称（CN）。
+
+        ./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate server certificate and key.
+    The argument `--subject-alt-name` sets the possible IPs and DNS names the API server will
+    be accessed with. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is usually the first IP from the service CIDR
+    that is specified as the `--service-cluster-ip-range` argument for both the API server and
+    the controller manager component. The argument `--days` is used to set the number of days
+    after which the certificate expires.
+    The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
+    DNS domain name.
+    -->
+1.  生成服务器证书和秘钥。
+    参数 `--subject-alt-name` 设置 API 服务器的 IP 和 DNS 名称。
+    `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` 用于 API 服务器和控制管理器，通常取 CIDR 的第一个 IP，由 `--service-cluster-ip-range` 的参数提供。
+    参数 `--days` 用于设置证书的过期时间。
+    下面的示例假定你的默认 DNS 域名为 `cluster.local`。
+
+        ./easyrsa --subject-alt-name="IP:${MASTER_IP},"\
+        "IP:${MASTER_CLUSTER_IP},"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,"\
+        "DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
+        --days=10000 \
+        build-server-full server nopass
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Copy `pki/ca.crt`, `pki/issued/server.crt`, and `pki/private/server.key` to your directory.
+    1.  Fill in and add the following parameters into the API server start parameters:
+    -->
+1.  拷贝文件 `pki/ca.crt`、`pki/issued/server.crt` 和 `pki/private/server.key` 到你的目录中。
+1.  在 API 服务器的启动参数中添加以下参数：
+
+        --client-ca-file=/yourdirectory/ca.crt
+        --tls-cert-file=/yourdirectory/server.crt
+        --tls-private-key-file=/yourdirectory/server.key
+
+### openssl
+
+<!-- 
+**openssl** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
+-->
+**openssl** 支持以手工方式为你的集群生成证书。
+
+<!-- 
+1.  Generate a ca.key with 2048bit:
+-->
+1.  生成一个 2048 位的 ca.key 文件
+
+        openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  According to the ca.key generate a ca.crt (use -days to set the certificate effective time):
+    -->
+1.  在 ca.key 文件的基础上，生成 ca.crt 文件（用参数 -days 设置证书有效期）
+
+        openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=${MASTER_IP}" -days 10000 -out ca.crt
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate a server.key with 2048bit:
+    -->
+1.  生成一个 2048 位的 server.key 文件：
+
+        openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Create a config file for generating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
+    Be sure to substitute the values marked with angle brackets (e.g. `<MASTER_IP>`)
+    with real values before saving this to a file (e.g. `csr.conf`).
+    Note that the value for `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster IP for the
+    API server as described in previous subsection.
+    The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
+    DNS domain name.
+    -->
+1.  创建一个用于生成证书签名请求（CSR）的配置文件。
+    保存文件（例如：`csr.conf`）前，记得用真实值替换掉尖括号中的值（例如：`<MASTER_IP>`）。
+    注意：`MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` 就像前一小节所述，它的值是 API 服务器的服务集群 IP。
+    下面的例子假定你的默认 DNS 域名为 `cluster.local`。
+
+        [ req ]
+        default_bits = 2048
+        prompt = no
+        default_md = sha256
+        req_extensions = req_ext
+        distinguished_name = dn
+
+        [ dn ]
+        C = <country>
+        ST = <state>
+        L = <city>
+        O = <organization>
+        OU = <organization unit>
+        CN = <MASTER_IP>
+
+        [ req_ext ]
+        subjectAltName = @alt_names
+
+        [ alt_names ]
+        DNS.1 = kubernetes
+        DNS.2 = kubernetes.default
+        DNS.3 = kubernetes.default.svc
+        DNS.4 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster
+        DNS.5 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
+        IP.1 = <MASTER_IP>
+        IP.2 = <MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>
+
+        [ v3_ext ]
+        authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer:always
+        basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
+        keyUsage=keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
+        extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
+        subjectAltName=@alt_names
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate the certificate signing request based on the config file:
+    -->
+1.  基于上面的配置文件生成证书签名请求：
+
+        openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config csr.conf
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate the server certificate using the ca.key, ca.crt and server.csr:
+    -->
+1.  基于 ca.key、ca.key 和 server.csr 等三个文件生成服务端证书：
+
+        openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key \
+        -CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 10000 \
+        -extensions v3_ext -extfile csr.conf
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  View the certificate:
+    -->
+1.  查看证书：
+
+        openssl x509  -noout -text -in ./server.crt
+
+<!-- 
+Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
+-->
+最后，为 API 服务器添加相同的启动参数。
+
+### cfssl
+
+<!-- 
+**cfssl** is another tool for certificate generation.
+-->
+**cfssl** 是另一个用于生成证书的工具。
+
+<!-- 
+1.  Download, unpack and prepare the command line tools as shown below.
+    Note that you may need to adapt the sample commands based on the hardware
+    architecture and cfssl version you are using.
+-->
+1.  下载、解压并准备如下所示的命令行工具。
+    注意：你可能需要根据所用的硬件体系架构和 cfssl 版本调整示例命令。
+
+        curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl
+        chmod +x cfssl
+        curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssljson
+        chmod +x cfssljson
+        curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl-certinfo_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl-certinfo
+        chmod +x cfssl-certinfo
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Create a directory to hold the artifacts and initialize cfssl:
+    -->
+1.  创建一个目录，用它保存所生成的构件和初始化 cfssl：
+
+        mkdir cert
+        cd cert
+        ../cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
+        ../cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Create a JSON config file for generating the CA file, for example, `ca-config.json`:
+    -->
+1.  创建一个 JSON 配置文件来生成 CA 文件，例如：`ca-config.json`：
+
+        {
+          "signing": {
+            "default": {
+              "expiry": "8760h"
+            },
+            "profiles": {
+              "kubernetes": {
+                "usages": [
+                  "signing",
+                  "key encipherment",
+                  "server auth",
+                  "client auth"
+                ],
+                "expiry": "8760h"
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Create a JSON config file for CA certificate signing request (CSR), for example,
+    `ca-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values marked with angle brackets with
+    real values you want to use.
+    -->
+1.  创建一个 JSON 配置文件，用于 CA 证书签名请求（CSR），例如：`ca-csr.json`。
+    确认用你需要的值替换掉尖括号中的值。
+
+        {
+          "CN": "kubernetes",
+          "key": {
+            "algo": "rsa",
+            "size": 2048
+          },
+          "names":[{
+            "C": "<country>",
+            "ST": "<state>",
+            "L": "<city>",
+            "O": "<organization>",
+            "OU": "<organization unit>"
+          }]
+        }
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate CA key (`ca-key.pem`) and certificate (`ca.pem`):
+    -->
+1.  生成 CA 秘钥文件（`ca-key.pem`）和证书文件（`ca.pem`）：
+
+        ../cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare ca
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Create a JSON config file for generating keys and certificates for the API
+    server, for example, `server-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values in angle brackets with
+    real values you want to use. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster
+    IP for the API server as described in previous subsection.
+    The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
+    DNS domain name.
+    -->
+1.  创建一个 JSON 配置文件，用来为 API 服务器生成秘钥和证书，例如：`server-csr.json`。
+    确认用你需要的值替换掉尖括号中的值。`MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` 是为 API 服务器 指定的服务集群 IP，就像前面小节描述的那样。
+    以下示例假定你的默认 DSN 域名为`cluster.local`。
+
+        {
+          "CN": "kubernetes",
+          "hosts": [
+            "127.0.0.1",
+            "<MASTER_IP>",
+            "<MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>",
+            "kubernetes",
+            "kubernetes.default",
+            "kubernetes.default.svc",
+            "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
+            "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
+          ],
+          "key": {
+            "algo": "rsa",
+            "size": 2048
+          },
+          "names": [{
+            "C": "<country>",
+            "ST": "<state>",
+            "L": "<city>",
+            "O": "<organization>",
+            "OU": "<organization unit>"
+          }]
+        }
+
+    <!-- 
+    1.  Generate the key and certificate for the API server, which are by default
+    saved into file `server-key.pem` and `server.pem` respectively:
+    -->
+1.  为 API 服务器生成秘钥和证书，默认会分别存储为`server-key.pem` 和 `server.pem` 两个文件。
+
+        ../cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
+        --config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes \
+        server-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare server
+
+<!-- 
+## Distributing Self-Signed CA Certificate
+-->
+## 分发自签名的 CA 证书
+
+<!-- 
+A client node may refuse to recognize a self-signed CA certificate as valid.
+For a non-production deployment, or for a deployment that runs behind a company
+firewall, you can distribute a self-signed CA certificate to all clients and
+refresh the local list for valid certificates.
+
+On each client, perform the following operations:
+-->
+客户端节点可能不认可自签名 CA 证书的有效性。
+对于非生产环境，或者运行在公司防火墙后的环境，你可以分发自签名的 CA 证书到所有客户节点，并刷新本地列表以使证书生效。
+
+在每一个客户节点，执行以下操作：
+
+```bash
+sudo cp ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/kubernetes.crt
+sudo update-ca-certificates
+```
+
+```
+Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
+1 added, 0 removed; done.
+Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d....
+done.
+```
+
+<!-- 
+## Certificates API
+-->
+## 证书 API {#certificates-api}
+
+<!-- 
+You can use the `certificates.k8s.io` API to provision
+x509 certificates to use for authentication as documented
+[here](/docs/tasks/tls/managing-tls-in-a-cluster).
+-->
+你可以通过 `certificates.k8s.io` API 提供 x509 证书，用来做身份验证，
+如[本](/zh/docs/tasks/tls/managing-tls-in-a-cluster)文档所述。
+