Bump Kubernetes dependencies from v1.30.2 to v1.31.2

[RainbowMango]

What type of PR is this?
/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:
This PR bump Kubernetes dependencies with minimal changes, the rest tasks are tracked by #5796.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

Kubernetes dependencies have been updated to v1.31.2.

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 10.90909% with 588 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 44.88%. Comparing base (2f80476) to head (fc1df77).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ioned/typed/operator/v1alpha1/fake/fake_karmada.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...yped/apps/v1alpha1/fake/fake_workloadrebalancer.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...autoscaling/v1alpha1/fake/fake_cronfederatedhpa.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...ped/autoscaling/v1alpha1/fake/fake_federatedhpa.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...tworking/v1alpha1/fake/fake_multiclusteringress.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...tworking/v1alpha1/fake/fake_multiclusterservice.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...olicy/v1alpha1/fake/fake_federatedresourcequota.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
.../work/v1alpha1/fake/fake_clusterresourcebinding.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...d/typed/work/v1alpha1/fake/fake_resourcebinding.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
...et/versioned/typed/work/v1alpha1/fake/fake_work.go	0.00%	21 Missing ⚠️
... and 72 more

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #5807      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   43.18%   44.88%   +1.69%     
==========================================
  Files         656      656              
  Lines       55921    53832    -2089     
==========================================
+ Hits        24151    24161      +10     
+ Misses      30213    28116    -2097     
+ Partials     1557     1555       -2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	44.88% <10.90%> (+1.69%)	⬆️

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[RainbowMango]

cc @chaunceyjiang @XiShanYongYe-Chang
Please help to take a look.

[XiShanYongYe-Chang]

/lgtm

[karmada-bot]

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