update

.gitignore

@@ -30,4 +30,7 @@ dist
 *.pyc
 **/.DS_Store
 .mypy_cache
-.ipynb_checkpoints
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+*.whl
+*.dylib
+*.so

README.md

@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@
 
     介绍python在一些比较普遍通用领域,如时间处理,数据读写,信息安全,数据处理,简单运维,简单人机交互方面的应用
 
++ 扩展篇
+
+    介绍在python中使用其他语言的工具
+
 
 目前更新是在2023年的4月4日,现在更新好后内容上来说对之前的有所删减,希望在未来3年中可以填完这个大坑
 
@@ -146,4 +150,7 @@
 
 ## 更新信息
 
-+ 2023-03-31 开始重新整理针对python 3.10版本的python攻略
++ 2023-03-31 开始重新整理针对python 3.10版本的python攻略
++ 2023-10-20 技巧篇新增使用第三方工具提升运行时性能的3篇相关文章
++ 2023-10-22 新增底层篇
++ 2023-10-23 新增扩展篇

_sidebar.md

@@ -98,8 +98,6 @@
     * [结语](语法篇/结语.md)
 
 
-* [底层篇](底层篇/README.md)
-    * [Cpython的虚拟机和解释器](底层篇/Cpython的虚拟机和解释器.md)
 
 * [技巧篇](技巧篇/README.md)
     * [设计模式实现](技巧篇/设计模式实现/README.md)
@@ -161,4 +159,9 @@
     * [调用子进程](基础应用篇/调用子进程.md)
     * [结语](输入输出篇/结语.md)
 
+* [*底层篇](底层篇/README.md)
+    * [Cpython的虚拟机和解释器](底层篇/Cpython的虚拟机和解释器.md)
 
+* [*扩展篇](扩展篇/README.md)
+    * [Javascript扩展](扩展篇/Javascript扩展.md)
+    * [Fortain扩展](扩展篇/Fortain扩展.md)

扩展篇/Fortain扩展.md

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# Fortain扩展
+
+
+我们可以简单的使用Fortain扩展python要感谢`numpy`.`numpy`许多算法实现是使用`Fortran`,`f2py`就是`numpy`中用于将`Fortran`代码编译为python可以使用的动态链接库的工具.
+
+## 是否有必要用Fortran写扩展
+
+这个要看应用的领域,Fortran是专为计算设计的编程语言,多维数组是内置的数据类型,可以说在向量计算矩阵计算上它有天然的优势,而且语法相比C语言更加接近python,也没有复杂的语法和底层概念,用它写扩展可以专注于算法.因此如果一个模块完全是做计算的,那它就很适合用这门语言写扩展.
+
+但同时它的劣势也就在于太过小众,如果一个人已经回C/C++,甚至不用是精通,他往往也没有动力再学一门新语言.同时Fortran除了写计算逻辑优秀以外几乎可以说一无是处.也没什么现代的编程技巧,因此除非是用作写算法模块,否则确实不值得专门学个这.
+
+那为啥还要写这一节?
+
+因为科学计算是python最重要的应用领域,几乎没有之一;数学家,物理学家往往都不关心怎么编程,只关心算法本身.如果是年级大点的数学家,物理学家,几乎都学过Fortran,而年轻的可能没学过,但Fortran好上手的特性非常适合作为第一门高性能计算编程语言.因此这个需求和这个用户群体非常契合.这就值得介绍一下了.
+
+## 简单fortain语法
+
+相对比价现代,支持面又比较广的是fortran95标准.其基本特点是:
+
++ 完整的结构化和模块化
++ 矩阵运算支持
++ 简单的子程序接口,方便传递矩阵 
++ 功能强大而简单的Namelist输入输出 
++ 对并行计算提供特别支持
++ 编译代码执行效率高
++ 内置函数较少
+
+### 基本规则
+
++ 大小写不敏感
++ 自由格式
++ `&`为换行连写
++ `!`为注释语句
++ 程序中任何地方用`stop`可推出程序
++ 建议每个域(program、module、function、 subrouting)第一行都写`implicit none`
+
+
+## 使用f2py编译fortran的pyton扩展
+
+此处给出一个简单的求平方和的例子用于演示`demo.f95`:
+
+```fortran
+subroutine sum_of_square(x, y, n)  
+      implicit none
+      integer, intent(in) :: n  
+      integer :: i
+      real(kind=8), intent(in) :: x(n)  
+      real(kind=8), intent(out) :: y  
+      y = 0
+      do i=1, n  
+            y = y + x(i)**2
+      end do  
+end
+```
+
+使用命令`f2py -c -m <module_name> file_path`就可以很简单的将其编译为python模块
+
+
+```python
+!f2py -c -m demo demo.f95 --quiet
+```
+
+    /Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py:66: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated.
+    !!
+
+            ********************************************************************************
+            Please avoid running ``setup.py`` directly.
+            Instead, use pypa/build, pypa/installer, pypa/build or
+            other standards-based tools.
+
+            See https://blog.ganssle.io/articles/2021/10/setup-py-deprecated.html for details.
+            ********************************************************************************
+
+    !!
+      self.initialize_options()
+
+
+
+```python
+from demo import sum_of_square
+```
+
+
+```python
+sum_of_square([1,2,3,4])
+```
+
+
+
+
+    30.0
+
+
+
+## 在python解释器中调用编译工具
+
+如果有需要在python环境中编译Fortran代码,那需要使用numpy中的`f2py`子模块
+
+编译Fortran代码需要使用`f2py.compile(source, modulename='untitled', extra_args='', verbose=1, source_fn=None,extension=".f")`方法,
+
+
+```python
+from numpy import f2py
+```
+
+
+```python
+with open("demo.f95","rb") as f:
+    source = f.read()
+```
+
+
+```python
+f2py.compile(source, modulename='demo1',extension='.f95')
+```
+
+    running build
+    running config_cc
+    INFO: unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
+    running config_fc
+    INFO: unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
+    running build_src
+    INFO: build_src
+    INFO: building extension "demo1" sources
+    INFO: f2py options: []
+    INFO: f2py:> /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1module.c
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10
+    Reading fortran codes...
+    	Reading file '/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmp9w3ykm9l.f95' (format:free)
+    Post-processing...
+    	Block: demo1
+    			Block: sum_of_square
+    Applying post-processing hooks...
+      character_backward_compatibility_hook
+    Post-processing (stage 2)...
+    Building modules...
+        Building module "demo1"...
+        Generating possibly empty wrappers"
+        Maybe empty "demo1-f2pywrappers.f"
+            Constructing wrapper function "sum_of_square"...
+              y = sum_of_square(x,[n])
+        Wrote C/API module "demo1" to file "/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1module.c"
+    INFO:   adding '/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/fortranobject.c' to sources.
+    INFO:   adding '/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10' to include_dirs.
+    copying /Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.c -> /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10
+    copying /Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/f2py/src/fortranobject.h -> /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10
+    INFO:   adding '/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.
+    INFO: build_src: building npy-pkg config files
+    running build_ext
+    INFO: customize UnixCCompiler
+    INFO: customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext
+    INFO: get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu95', 'nag', 'nagfor', 'absoft', 'ibm', 'intel', 'gnu', 'g95', 'pg']'
+    INFO: customize Gnu95FCompiler
+    INFO: Found executable /usr/local/bin/gfortran
+    INFO: customize Gnu95FCompiler
+    INFO: customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext
+    INFO: building 'demo1' extension
+    INFO: compiling C sources
+    INFO: C compiler: clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fPIC -O2 -isystem /Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/include -fPIC -O2 -isystem /Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/include -ftrapping-math
+
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc
+    creating /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10
+    INFO: compile options: '-DNPY_DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION=1 -I/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10 -I/Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/include/python3.10 -c'
+    INFO: clang: /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/fortranobject.c
+    INFO: clang: /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1module.c
+    INFO: compiling Fortran sources
+    INFO: Fortran f77 compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
+    Fortran f90 compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
+    Fortran fix compiler: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -ffixed-form -fno-second-underscore -Wall -g -fno-second-underscore -fPIC -O3 -funroll-loops
+    INFO: compile options: '-I/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10 -I/Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/Users/mac/micromamba/envs/py3.10/include/python3.10 -c'
+    INFO: gfortran:f90: /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmp9w3ykm9l.f95
+    INFO: gfortran:f77: /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1-f2pywrappers.f
+    INFO: /usr/local/bin/gfortran -Wall -g -Wall -g -undefined dynamic_lookup -bundle /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1module.o /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/fortranobject.o /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmp9w3ykm9l.o /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc/src.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.10/demo1-f2pywrappers.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/13.1.0/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/13 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/13.1.0/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/13/../../.. -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/13.1.0/bin/../lib/gcc/current/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin20/13/../../.. -lgfortran -o ./demo1.cpython-310-darwin.so
+    Removing build directory /var/folders/j_/p0q1k_mj4cs0dqn0sqnshsrr0000gn/T/tmpb8to7mdc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    0
+
+
+
+
+```python
+from demo1 import sum_of_square
+```
+
+
+```python
+sum_of_square([1,2,3,4])
+```
+
+
+
+
+    30.0
+
+