Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
release
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
kotrfa committed Oct 15, 2014
1 parent d953a8c commit 36c7311
Show file tree
Hide file tree
Showing 3 changed files with 119 additions and 115 deletions.
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion docs/source/Arch.rst
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Installation
------------

There are tons of step-by-step guides how to install Arch so I will not
go to deep here. Just look here: . Anyway, short summary:
go to deep here. Just look to `<nstallation guide <https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide>`_. Anyway, short summary:

Primary installation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Expand Down
165 changes: 51 additions & 114 deletions docs/source/RPi.rst
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ Making Raspberry Pi usable
Introduction
----------------

After 3 months of using RPi, I decided to make this tutorial for same
After 8 months of using RPi, I decided to make second version of this tutorial for same
people as I'm - who looks for easy, understandable way to make RPi as
awesome as possible.
awesome as possible. Several things have changed since last realease of this tutorial, so I decided to rewrite some parts and also to delete some parts which are not necessary today.

In this tutorial I will walk you through whole process of making from
Raspberry Pi secure, reliable, efficient, fast and easy to maintain
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ What you don't need
-------------------

- Monitor or ability to connect RPi to some monitor
- Keyboard or mouse connected to your RPi

Start
-----
Expand All @@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ found them satisfaing.
Installing Arch Linux ARM to SD card
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Go `here <http://Arch Linuxarm.org/platforms/armv6/raspberry-pi>`__ and
Go `here <http://Arch Linuxarm.org/platforms/armv6/raspberry-pi>`__, choose installation and
make first 3 steps. That's it! You have done it. You have you Arch Linux
ARM SD card :)

Expand All @@ -71,24 +72,23 @@ connects to the network (or even internet) as usuall?

If yes, it is great! You can procced. It is what we need - we need RPi,
when it boots up, to automatically connect to the network. Then we will
able to connect to it. You will need one more think to find out - which
IP address router asign to you when you connected by cable - it is very
probable that RPi will get the same, or similiar. Don't be afraid - it
is easy to get (IP address)[how to get ip address]. On modern systems,
able to connect to it. You will need one more thing to find out - which
IP address does router assign to you when you connect by cable - it is very
probable that RPi will get very similiar. Don't be afraid - it
is easy to get `IP address <http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/19783/how-do-i-know-the-ip-addresses-of-other-computers-in-my-network>`_. On modern systems,
one command :) .

Ok, now you have to insert SD card to RPi and connect it to your router
with ethernet cable and then turn RPi on by inserting power supply. The
diodes starts flashing. Now back to your computer and we will try to
diods start flashing. Now back to your computer and we will try to
connect it using **SSH**. SSH is just "magic power" which enables to
connect from one to other computer.
connect to another computer.

RPi is already ready and waits for connection. How to use ssh and some
utilities (Linux, Mac) or programs (Windows) is supereasy - you will
RPi is already ready and waits for SSH connection. How to use SSH is supereasy - you will
find a tons of tutorials on the internet (keywords: how to use ssh). IP
address is the probably the one you assigned before. It will be
something like this: ``192.168.0.x``, ``10.0.0.14x`` or similar. Next
thing you need is username. It's just "root".
thing you need is username. It's just "root" (and password also).

If your RPi haven't got this address (ssh is not working), than there
are two options.
Expand All @@ -102,53 +102,49 @@ are two options.
**Example** You have this address assigned: ``192.168.0.201``. Then you
have to type (in linux): ``ssh [email protected]``.

Youshould end up in RPi console.
You should now end up in RPi console.

Enough for networking just now. We'll set a proper network configuration later in this guide, but first some *musthaves*.
Enough of networking for now. We'll set a proper network configuration later in this guide, but first some *musthaves*.


First setup
-----------

This is covered over the internet, so I will just redirect you.
`elinux <http://elinux.org/Arch Linux_Install_Guide>`__ - from this guide
`elinux <http://elinux.org/ArchLinux_Install_Guide>`__ - from this guide
finish these parts (in RPi console):

- Change root password
- Modify filesystem files
- Modify system files
- Mount extra partitions (if you don't know what it is, nevermind)
- Update system
- Install Sudo
- Install sudo
- Create regular user account

My usuall procedure (which is strongly related to my needs!)::

passwd # change root password to something important
rm -rf /etc/localtime # dont care about this
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Prague /etc/localtime # set appropriate timezone
echo "my_raspberry" > /etc/hostname # set name of your RPi

useradd -m -aG wheel -s /usr/bin/bash common_user #
groupadd webdata # for sharing
useradd -M -aG webdata -s /usr/bin/false nginx
usermod -aG webdata common_user

visudo # uncomment this line: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

pacman -Syu

That's enough for now. Logout from ssh (type ``exit``) and connect
again, but as user who was created. Similiar to previous:
``ssh username@ip.address``. From now, you'll need to type "sudo" in
``ssh common_user@ip.address``. From now, you'll need to type "sudo" in
front of every command, which is possibly danger. I will warn you in
next chapter.

We must be sure that after reboot RPi will reconnect. Type
``sudo systemctl status netctl-ifplugd@eth0``. In should show something
like this:

::

● [email protected] - Automatic wired network connection using netctl profiles
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2014-06-26 17:38:12 CEST; 4h 26min ago
Docs: man:netctl.special(7)
Main PID: 302 (ifplugd)
CGroup: /system.slice/system-netctl\x2difplugd.slice/[email protected]
└─302 /usr/bin/ifplugd -i eth0 -r /etc/ifplugd/netctl.action -bfIns

Jun 26 17:38:12 530uarch ifplugd[302]: ifplugd 0.28 initializing.
Jun 26 17:38:12 530uarch ifplugd[302]: Using interface eth0/E8:03:9A:97:B5:A7 with driver <r8169> (version: 2.3LK-NAPI)
Jun 26 17:38:12 530uarch ifplugd[302]: Using detection mode: SIOCETHTOOL
Jun 26 17:38:12 530uarch ifplugd[302]: Initialization complete, link beat not detected.
We must be sure that after reboot RPi will reconnect.

Keywords here are **active (running)** in "Active" and **enabled** in
"loaded". If there is **disabled**, just enable it by
``systemctl enable [email protected]``

Now try if you are connected to the internet. Type ``ping 8.8.8.8``. If
you don't see ``ping: unknown host 8.8.8.8`` it's good! If you do, your
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -272,7 +268,7 @@ For reasons I will mention in future, we need to set RPi to connect with
the same and you can connect it. Right now is probably getting
automatically assigned IP address from router (it's called **dhcp**).

We will use ``systemd-network``.
We will use ``systemd-networkd``.

Type ``ip addr``. It should shows something like this:

Expand All @@ -293,7 +289,7 @@ Type ``ip addr``. It should shows something like this:

you are interested just in name **eth0**. If it is there, it is ok. In
future versions of system it can change to something other, for example
*eth0ps1*. Don't be afraid of it and just use that instead in next
*enp0s1*. Don't be afraid of it and just use that instead in next
chapters.

In this part you'll need to get address of your router. `How to obtain
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -324,7 +320,6 @@ in front of ``vim``, or you'll not be able to save it!) and paste this:
[Network]
Address=the.static.address.rpi/24
Gateway=your.router.ip.address
a

my example:

Expand All @@ -334,53 +329,14 @@ my example:
Name=eth0

[Network]
Address=192.168.0.201/24
Address=192.168.0.111/24
Gateway=192.168.0.1

now we need to try it - we don't to close us out. The connection is
right now ensuring by thing called ``netctl-ifplugd@eth0``. We want to
do this:
Now you need to remove old non-static default profile ``/etc/systemd/network/eth0.network``. Move it to your home folder just to be safe if something didn't work.

- Turn ``netctl`` off
- Turn ``networkd`` on
- Try if RPi is connected to the internet
- If yes, than do nothing - we can connect now by ssh
- If not, turn off ``networkd`` and turn on working ``netctl``
Try to restart RPi and try to SSH again. If you just can't connect, try to find out if RPi hadn't connected at all or it just doesn't use IP specified IP address (try to ssh to old IP, look into your router DHCP table, nmap...). If you want to get it back, just turn off RPi (plug off the power cable), take out SD card, plug in to your PC, move ``eth0.network`` from home directory to ``/etc/systemd/network/``, turn RPi back and try it again.

why so complicated? Because when you are changing network, it will
disconnect - and of course, we will disconnected also from SSH. And it
discouraged to use more network managers at once, because they'd
interferate and you don't want that.

This script will do what we want:

::

#!/usr/bin/bash
systemctl stop netctl-ifplugd@eth0
systemctl restart systemd-networkd

sleep 10
systemctl status systemd-networkd >> log.txt
ping -c 1 google.com
if [[ `echo $?` != 0 ]]
then
systemctl stop systemd-networkd
systemctl start netctl-ifplugd@eth0
fi

to run this script you need to login as root. You can do it by typing
this: ``sudo -i``. This will log you as a root. Now type
``vim script.sh`` and insert script there. Save and close (in vim using
``:x``). Now just type ``chmod +x script.sh``. It will make the script
executable. Finally this: ``./script.sh``.

The connection will close now. Wait 30 seconds. If everything worked
properly, you should be able to connect to RPi again by using same ssh
command as previous. In that case find out it works -> does
systemd-networkd care about connection and netctl is stopped?

To find it out, type: ``systemctl status systemd-networkd``. Does it
If you successfuly connected, check how is ``systemd-networkd`` doing. To find out, type: ``systemctl status systemd-networkd``. Does it
shows "active (running)" and something like ``gained carrier``?

::
Expand All @@ -397,20 +353,6 @@ shows "active (running)" and something like ``gained carrier``?
Jun 17 17:52:01 smecpi systemd-networkd[213]: eth0: lost carrier
Jun 17 17:52:02 smecpi systemd-networkd[213]: eth0: gained carrier

If yes, great! We can get rid off netctl by uninstalling it by
``pacman -Rnsc netctl`` and enable ``networkd`` to start at boot by
``systemctl enable systemd-networkd``.

If not, ``netctl`` should be started again and save the day. Find it out
by ``systemctl status netctl-ifplugd@eth0``. It should be active,
otherwise there is some magic power which care about your connection.
Try to find out why ``networkd`` didn't workd and repair it (probably
bad IP address...). There should be some info in file ``log.txt``.

If you can't connect, don't panic. Just turn off RPi (take out power
suppy) and turn it on. It should reconnect normally with
``netctl-ifplugd``. Try to find out why it is not working and try it
again.

Timesynchronization
-------------------
Expand All @@ -419,9 +361,8 @@ You've maybe noticed that time is quite weird on your RPi. It is beacuse
it does not have real hardware clock. Every time RPi is waken up, it
thinks that is June 1970. You don't have to care about it, but after
boot it would be fine that time is correctly set. You can do it by using
really great part of ``systemd``. Go ahead and enable service, which
takes care about that: ``systemctl enable systemd-timesyncd``. Thats
all. It will start after next reboot. If you want it to start now, just run ``systemctl start systemd-timesyncd``.
really great part of ``systemd``. Go ahead and check service that
takes care about that: ``systemctl status systemd-timesyncd``.

Configuring SSH
-------------------
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -455,9 +396,9 @@ Since now, only ``ssh bob@ipadress`` is not enough. You will have to add
port which should be used (in default is assumed port 22).
``ssh -p 1234 [email protected]`` will do it for you :) .

The next thing we are going to do is set up ``sshguard``. More about it
If you want to be really safe, the next thing you want to do is set up ``sshguard``. More about it
`here <https://wiki.Arch Linux.org/index.php/Sshguard>`__. You don't need
more :) . Just remember to use your port (in my case 1234) for settings.
more :) . Just remember to use your port (in my case 1234) for settings. Personally I stopped to use it, since just changing port what SSH use was enough to reduce uninvited connections.

It is anoying still typing same username and password when we want to
connect to RPi. And now, we have to add "-p 1234" also. We will make it
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -543,7 +484,7 @@ Other tweaks of /boot/config.txt

Since you don't need any of gpu memory - which cares about shiny things
like windows etc., you can disable it in favor of the rest of memory
which we use.
which we use. Don't do this if you want to use monitor.

::

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -737,8 +678,8 @@ protected etc.
System analyzing and cleaning
-----------------------------

Use your friend ``systemd-analyze``. It will show you which units are
loading long time. Also ``systemctl status`` is great for finding failed
Use your friend ``systemd-analyze``. It will show you which units
load really long time. Also ``systemctl status`` is great for finding failed
units.

Disable things that you dont need
Expand All @@ -747,19 +688,15 @@ Disable things that you dont need
I guess you don't use ipv6 (if you don't know what it is, you don't need
it :D). ``systemctl disable ip6tables``. In case you use sshguard, you
need also edit file ``/cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshguard.service``
and from **Wants** delete ip6tables. Like this:

::

Wants=iptables.service
and from **Wants** delete ``ip6tables.service``.

Usefull utilites
----------------

Simple to use, just install them and run:

- iftop - for internet usage
- iotop - for disk usage
- nmon - for internet usage
- htop - for disk usage

Torrents
~~~~~~~~
Expand Down
67 changes: 67 additions & 0 deletions docs/source/ndg.rst
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -387,6 +387,73 @@ After every change in configuration of nginx you need to restart it by running `

To see what processes are spawned you can use your task manager like ``htop`` or ``ps``.


Integration with GitHub
=======================

For starter it's necessary to say, that GitHub...

...is awesome! If you don't needed and you went through whole process above, you can probably save a lot of headaches just by using GitHub. You don't need any special knowledge for start, but you will need to learn them on the fly while reading this tutorial (there is really a lot about git out there, google is your friend).

The variant I propose here is very easy, scalable and fast. Probably the most easy and effective I've found.

Why to use it
--------------

I was so happy when I deployd my first django project. But few weeks later I've found that it's just not feeling right to make changes on live version of the website (sometimes refered as *production*). So I started to use GitHub and found a solution.

Here I will cover this:
For every your website you end up with one directory including three subdirectories.

1. First called **production** - it's the one which is live on the internet - the one what ``nginx`` refers.
2. Second called **mydomain.git** - this one is necessary for our github configuration. You will barely change there anything
3. Last one - **work_dir** - the one where all changes are being made and is connected to GitHub


Workflow
------------

Your work will look like this:

1. Your work_dir contains master branch. This branch can be pushed to production (to go live) anywhen! So when you want to make change to your website, you need create new branch (correctly named based on the change you are doing - e.g. *hotfix_plugin*, *typo_css*...) and when you finish and test this branch, you merge it to master.
2. You push master to your GitHub repository
3. You push master to your production folder on your computer

Set it all up
-------------

So how to do it? I suppose you have one working directory as we created in previous chapters.

Now go to the place where you websites are stored. Mine is in ``/var/www`` and create this structure::

mydomain
├── mydomain.git
├── production
└── work_dir

Go to ``/var/www/mydomain.git`` and type this::

git init --bare

this will create just git repository with some special folders. You don't need to know anything about it. All you need to do is to create this file ``/var/www/mydomain/mydomain.git/hooks/post-receive`` and add this::

#!/bin/sh
git --work-tree=/var/www/mydomain/production --git-dir=/var/www/mydomain/mydomain.git checkout -f

and make the script runable ``chmod +x /var/www/mydomain/mydomain.git/hooks/post-receive``

Go to work_dir and paste there you current *production* code (the one from previous chapters). Now you need to make a GitHub repository from that. The best guide is this one: `How to add existing folder to GitHub <https://help.github.com/articles/adding-an-existing-project-to-github-using-the-command-line/>`_. (Maybe you'll need to `generate SSH key <https://help.github.com/articles/generating-ssh-keys/>`_). Is it working? Great.

Note: It's very good to make git repositories as small as possible, so don't add to repository files which are not necessary or you backup them somewhere else. But virtualenv is a good thing to add there to IMHO.

Now just add another remote, which will point to our created git repository. Every time we'll want to go live with master, we'll push changes to this git repository and it will take care to transfer our files to production. So in work_dir type::

git remote add production file::///var/www/mydomain/mydomain.git``

and that's all. When you now want to push changes to production, type ``git push production master``. Congratulations!

Finalization
============
That's all! I hope this guide helped you and you has successfully start up your websites! :)


0 comments on commit 36c7311

Please sign in to comment.