H-3426: Implement folding for data type constraints

[TimDiekmann]

🌟 What is the purpose of this PR?

When data types are resolved the constraints should be folded and minimized. This is the groundwork and logic to be used when combining different constraints.

🔍 What does this change?

• It's not a good idea to implement combine on Constraint as Constraint is generic and combine would not use the generic parameter. Instead, I renamed Constraint to ConstraintValidator and added a new Constraint trait. This adds a combine method which takes a mutable reference to a constraint and consumes another constraint. If they can be fully combined, None is returned, otherwise Some with the remaining constraints. If the constraints cannot be combined at all because it would be unsatisfiable it will error.
• Add fold_intersections function to construct a vector of all intersections using the combine method. This Is used to shrink the allOf constraints in the closed data types.

This PR is still in draft as I have another PR in the queue to implement the number combination logic and need some more testing around the behavior and signatures. Probably I'm replacing the mutable reference with an owned value. Methods with mutable references returning a results need to be careful to not change the value if they return an error (side-effects), in most cases this is not desired.

Pre-Merge Checklist 🚀

🚢 Has this modified a publishable library?

This PR:

• does not modify any publishable blocks or libraries, or modifications do not need publishing

📜 Does this require a change to the docs?

The changes in this PR:

• are internal and do not require a docs change

🕸️ Does this require a change to the Turbo Graph?

The changes in this PR:

• do not affect the execution graph

⚠️ Known issues

🐾 Next steps

• H-3427: Implement folding for number constraints
• H-3428: Implement folding for string constraints
• H-3429: Implement folding for array constraints
• H-3430: Implement folding for anyOf constraints

🛡 What tests cover this?

Tests will be added in the follow-ups

[indietyp]

minor question / spelling mistake

[github-actions]

Benchmark results

@rust/graph-benches – Integrations

representative_read_entity

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/person/v/1	$$16.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 246 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}19.6 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/uk-address/v/1	$$16.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 247 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.415 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/organization/v/1	$$16.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 199 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-18.039 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/building/v/1	$$17.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 190 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-29.976 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/page/v/2	$$16.9 \mathrm{ms} \pm 242 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.783 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/book/v/1	$$17.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 207 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.694 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/song/v/1	$$16.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 166 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.415 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/playlist/v/1	$$15.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 188 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-7.527 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	entity type ID: https://blockprotocol.org/@alice/types/entity-type/block/v/1	$$16.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 180 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.490 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_entity_type

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
get_entity_type_by_id	Account ID: d4e16033-c281-4cde-aa35-9085bf2e7579	$$1.44 \mathrm{ms} \pm 6.62 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.581 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

scaling_read_entity_complete_zero_depth

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	50 entities	$$4.00 \mathrm{ms} \pm 17.2 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-2.787 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$2.04 \mathrm{ms} \pm 14.2 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.144 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	25 entities	$$2.53 \mathrm{ms} \pm 15.8 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.799 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$1.87 \mathrm{ms} \pm 7.64 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.467 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	5 entities	$$1.92 \mathrm{ms} \pm 11.3 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.079 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

scaling_read_entity_linkless

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	1000 entities	$$2.76 \mathrm{ms} \pm 12.7 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{lightgreen}-13.405 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	100 entities	$$2.06 \mathrm{ms} \pm 10.7 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.189 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$1.87 \mathrm{ms} \pm 7.19 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.568 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10000 entities	$$9.47 \mathrm{ms} \pm 135 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}5.54 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$1.90 \mathrm{ms} \pm 6.43 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.566 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

representative_read_multiple_entities

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_property	depths: DT=2, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$60.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 293 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.917 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=255, PT=255, ET=255, E=255	$$69.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 278 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.607 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=0	$$40.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 271 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.803 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=2	$$44.8 \mathrm{ms} \pm 197 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.906 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$55.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 222 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.021 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=2, E=2	$$51.3 \mathrm{ms} \pm 201 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.691 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=2, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$101 \mathrm{ms} \pm 605 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.122 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=255, PT=255, ET=255, E=255	$$109 \mathrm{ms} \pm 455 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.217 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=0	$$43.6 \mathrm{ms} \pm 274 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.972 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=0, E=2	$$81.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 494 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-2.222 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=2, ET=2, E=2	$$96.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 452 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.344 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
link_by_source_by_property	depths: DT=0, PT=0, ET=2, E=2	$$92.1 \mathrm{ms} \pm 691 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-0.754 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph

scaling_read_entity_complete_one_depth

Function	Value	Mean	Flame graphs
entity_by_id	50 entities	$$276 \mathrm{ms} \pm 1.79 \mathrm{ms}\left({\color{lightgreen}-81.893 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	10 entities	$$53.0 \mathrm{ms} \pm 268 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{red}63.9 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	25 entities	$$75.9 \mathrm{ms} \pm 459 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}-1.571 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	1 entities	$$20.4 \mathrm{ms} \pm 125 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}0.242 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph
entity_by_id	5 entities	$$25.7 \mathrm{ms} \pm 178 \mathrm{μs}\left({\color{gray}1.25 \mathrm{\%}}\right) $$	Flame Graph