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profvjreddi committed Dec 6, 2023
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While much attention has focused on making the immense data centers powering AI more sustainable, an equally pressing concern is the movement of AI capabilities into smart edge devices and endpoints. Edge/embedded AI allows near real-time responsiveness without connectivity dependencies. It also reduces transmission bandwidth needs. However, the increase of tiny devices leads to other risks.

Tiny computers, microcontrollers, and custom ASICs powering edge intelligence face size, cost and power limitations that rule out high-end GPUs used in data centers. Instead, they require optimized algorithms and extremely compact, energy-efficient circuitry to run smoothly. But engineering for these microscopic form factors opens up risks around planned obsolescence, disposability, and waste. The number of IoT devices is projected to [double by 2030](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1183457/iot-connected-devices-worldwide/).
Tiny computers, microcontrollers, and custom ASICs powering edge intelligence face size, cost and power limitations that rule out high-end GPUs used in data centers. Instead, they require optimized algorithms and extremely compact, energy-efficient circuitry to run smoothly. But engineering for these microscopic form factors opens up risks around planned obsolescence, disposability, and waste. @fig-iot-devices shows that the number of IoT devices is projected to [reach 30 billion connected devices by 2030](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1183457/iot-connected-devices-worldwide/).

![Number of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices worldwide from 2019 to 2023, with forecasts from 2022 to 2030 from [Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1183457/iot-connected-devices-worldwide/)](images/sustainable_ai/statista_chip_growth.png)
![Number of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices worldwide from 2019 to 2023, with forecasts from 2022 to 2030 from [Statista].(https://www.statista.com/statistics/1183457/iot-connected-devices-worldwide/)](images/sustainable_ai/statista_chip_growth.png){#fig-iot-devices}

End-of-life handling of internet-connected gadgets embedded with sensors and AI remains an often overlooked issue during design, though these products permeate consumer goods, vehicles, public infrastructure, industrial equipment and more.

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