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## 学习过程 | ||
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### C++ | ||
- 了解了类、继承和多态的概念。了解了区别于 C 的不同输出输入方式,学习了像重载之类的更多样的功能。 | ||
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### Vim | ||
- 之前一直要用键盘一个一个去调光标,后来才知道原来有快捷键,理论上可以实现不用鼠标的操作。 | ||
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### Shell | ||
- 发现可以写一些重复性的程序来节省时间,回归计算机的原始需求了。 | ||
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### 数据整理 | ||
- 了解到可以只筛选出自己需要的数据,可以节省很多时间。 | ||
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### Git | ||
- 很有趣的团队代码开发方案,而且可以记录,查看每一次修改。 |
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## 1. 如果已经修改了部分文件,并且将其中的一部分加入了暂存区,应该如何回退这些修改,恢复到修改前最后一次提交的状态?给出至少两种不同的方式 | ||
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- **方法 1:使用 `git reset`** | ||
```bash | ||
git reset <文件名> | ||
``` | ||
此命令会将文件从暂存区移除,但保留工作区的修改内容,方便继续编辑或重新添加。 | ||
![Git reset](git%20reset.jpeg) | ||
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- **方法 2:使用 `git checkout`** | ||
```bash | ||
git checkout -- <文件名> | ||
``` | ||
此命令会将文件恢复到上一次提交的状态,放弃工作区的所有更改。 | ||
![Git checkout](git%20checkout.jpeg) | ||
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## 2. 如果已经提交了一个新版本,需要回退该版本,应该如何操作?分别给出不修改历史或修改历史的至少两种不同的方式 | ||
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- **不修改历史的方式 :** | ||
- **方法 1:使用 `git revert`** | ||
```bash | ||
git revert <提交哈希值> | ||
``` | ||
![Git revert](git%20revert.jpeg) | ||
![Git revert 2](git%20revert%202.jpeg) | ||
该命令会生成一个新的提交,用来撤销指定提交的更改,同时保留提交历史记录。 | ||
- **方法 2:使用 `git restore`** | ||
```bash | ||
git restore --source=<提交哈希值> <文件路径> | ||
``` | ||
![Git restore](git%20restore.jpeg) | ||
该命令会恢复指定文件到特定提交的状态,但不会修改提交历史记录。适用于想要恢复文件内容而不回退整个提交的情况。 | ||
- **修改历史的方式:** | ||
- **方法 1:软重置**(保留工作区和暂存区的内容): | ||
```bash | ||
git reset --soft <提交哈希值> | ||
``` | ||
![Git reset --soft](git%20reset%20--soft.jpeg) | ||
- **方法 2:硬重置**(删除暂存区和工作区的更改): | ||
```bash | ||
git reset --hard <提交哈希值> | ||
``` | ||
![Git reset --hard](git%20reset%20--hard.jpeg) | ||
该命令会将当前分支回退到指定提交,并删除之后的所有提交记录。 | ||
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## 3. 合并分支可以使用 `merge`,但这不是唯一的方法,给出至少两种不同的合并分支的方式 | ||
- **方法 1:使用 `git rebase`** | ||
```bash | ||
git rebase <分支名> | ||
``` | ||
![Git rebase 1](git%20rebase%201.jpeg) | ||
![Git rebase 2](git%20rebase%202.jpeg) | ||
`rebase` 会将当前分支的更改移动到指定分支的后面,生成更简洁的提交历史,但会重写历史记录。 | ||
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- **方法 2:使用 `cherry-pick`** | ||
```bash | ||
git cherry-pick <提交哈希值> | ||
``` | ||
![Git cherry-pick 1](git%20cherry-pick%201.jpeg) | ||
![Git cherry-pick 2](git%20cherry-pick%202.jpeg) | ||
`cherry-pick` 可以将另一个分支上的特定提交应用到当前分支上。适合需要选择性地合并某些提交的情况,而不需要合并整个分支。 |