chore: prepare Falcon 4.0.2 (in-tree) (#2392)

* chore: prepare 4.0.2 in-tree (WiP)

* chore: relabel #2387 as bugfix

* chore: aggregate 4.0.2 contributors

* chore: bump up version to `4.0.2`

* docs: slightly tweak newsfragment for #2387

* chore: aggregate contributors, +docs tweaks

* docs(ASGI): clean up docs on logging setup

* chore: render out newsfragments

* docs(typing); describe another limitation/inconsistency

AUTHORS

@@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ listed below by date of first contribution:
 * Agustin Arce (aarcex3)
 * Christian Grossmüller (chgad)
 * Sai Prathik R (prathik2401)
+* Akshay Awate (AkshayAwate)
+* Jasper Spaans (jap)
+* Alessandro Chitarrini (chitvs)
 
 (et al.)
 

docs/api/typing.rst

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ Known Limitations
 
 Falcon's emphasis on flexibility and performance presents certain
 challenges when it comes to adding type annotations to the existing code base.
+
 One notable limitation involves using custom :class:`~falcon.Request` and/or
 :class:`~falcon.Response` types in callbacks that are passed back
 to the framework, such as when adding an
 :meth:`error handler <falcon.App.add_error_handler>`.
-
 For instance, the following application might unexpectedly not pass type
 checking:
 
@@ -60,12 +60,20 @@ checking:
     app = App(request_type=MyRequest)
     app.add_error_handler(OSError, handle_os_error)
 
-(Please also see the following GitHub issue:
+(We are working on addressing this limitation at the time of writing --
+please see the following GitHub issue for the progress, and possible solutions:
 `#2372 <https://github.com/falconry/falcon/issues/2372>`__.)
 
+Another known inconsistency is the typing of the
+:class:`converter interface <falcon.routing.BaseConverter>`, where certain
+subclasses (such as :class:`~falcon.routing.PathConverter`) declare a different
+input type than the base ``convert()`` method.
+(See also the discussions and possible solutions on the GitHub issue
+`#2396 <https://github.com/falconry/falcon/issues/2396>`__.)
+
 .. important::
-    This is only a typing limitation that has no effect outside of type
-    checking -- the above ``app`` will run just fine!
+    The above issues are only typing limitations that have no effect outside of
+    type checking -- applications will work just fine at runtime!
 
 
 Public Type Aliases

docs/changes/4.0.2.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Changelog for Falcon 4.0.2
+==========================
+
+Summary
+-------
+
+This is a minor point release to fix some missed re-exports for type checkers.
+In addition, we have also included a couple of documentation improvements.
+
+
+Fixed
+-----
+
+- Running Mypy on code that uses parts of ``falcon.testing``
+  would previously lead to errors like::
+
+    Name "falcon.testing.TestClient" is not defined
+
+  This has been fixed by explicitly exporting the names that are
+  imported into the ``falcon.testing`` namespace. (`#2387 <https://github.com/falconry/falcon/issues/2387>`__)
+
+
+Misc
+----
+
+- The printable PDF version of our documentation was enabled on Read the Docs. (`#2365 <https://github.com/falconry/falcon/issues/2365>`__)
+
+
+Contributors to this Release
+----------------------------
+
+Many thanks to those who contributed to this bugfix release:
+
+- `AkshayAwate <https://github.com/AkshayAwate>`__
+- `CaselIT <https://github.com/CaselIT>`__
+- `chitvs <https://github.com/chitvs>`__
+- `jap <https://github.com/jap>`__
+- `vytas7 <https://github.com/vytas7>`__

docs/changes/index.rst

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Changelogs
 
 .. toctree::
 
-   4.1.0 <4.1.0>
+   4.0.2 <4.0.2>
    4.0.1 <4.0.1>
    4.0.0 <4.0.0>
    3.1.3 <3.1.3>

docs/user/faq.rst

@@ -1348,47 +1348,44 @@ To include multiple values, simply use ``"; "`` to separate each name-value
 pair. For example, if you were to pass ``{'Cookie': 'xxx=yyy; hello=world'}``,
 you would get ``{'cookies': {'xxx': 'yyy', 'hello': 'world'}}``.
 
-Why do I not see error tracebacks in ASGI applications?
--------------------------------------------------------
+Why do I see no error tracebacks in my ASGI application?
+--------------------------------------------------------
 
-When using Falcon with ASGI servers like Uvicorn,
-you might notice that server errors do not display a traceback by default.
-This behavior differs from WSGI applications, where errors are logged to `stderr`,
-providing detailed tracebacks.
+When using Falcon with an ASGI server like Uvicorn,
+you might notice that server errors do not include any traceback by default.
+This behavior differs from WSGI, where the PEP-3333 specification defines the
+`wsgi.errors <https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/#environ-variables>`__ stream
+(which Falcon utilizes to log unhandled
+:class:`internal server errors <falcon.HTTPInternalServerError>`).
 
-The reason for this is that ASGI does not define a standardized way to log errors back to the application server,
-unlike WSGI. Therefore, you need to configure logging manually to see these tracebacks.
+Since there is no standardized way to log errors back to the ASGI server,
+the framework simply opts to log them using the ``falcon``
+:class:`logger <logging.Logger>`.
 
-Here’s how to set up logging in your ASGI Falcon application to capture error tracebacks:
+The easiest way to get started is configuring the root logger via
+:func:`logging.basicConfig`:
 
 .. code:: python
 
     import logging
+
     import falcon
     import falcon.asgi
 
     logging.basicConfig(
-        format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s", 
-        level=logging.INFO
-    )
+        format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s", level=logging.INFO)
+
 
-    class ThingsResource:
+    class FaultyResource:
         async def on_get(self, req, resp):
             raise ValueError('foo')
 
-    app = falcon.asgi.App()
-    things = ThingsResource()
-    app.add_route('/things', things)
-
-By adding the above logging configuration, you will see tracebacks like this in your console:
 
-.. code-block:: none
+    app = falcon.asgi.App()
+    app.add_route('/things', FaultyResource())
 
-    [ERROR] [FALCON] Unhandled exception in ASGI app
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-    File "<...>", line 12, in on_get
-        raise ValueError('foo')
-    ValueError: foo
+By adding the above logging configuration, you should now see tracebacks logged
+to :any:`stderr <sys.stderr>` when accessing ``/things``.
 
-For additional details on this topic, 
-please refer to :ref:`debugging-asgi-applications`.
+For additional details on this topic,
+please refer to :ref:`debugging_asgi_applications`.

docs/user/tutorial-asgi.rst

@@ -115,6 +115,68 @@ Woohoo, it works!!!
 
 Well, sort of. Onwards to adding some real functionality!
 
+.. _debugging_asgi_applications:
+
+Debugging ASGI Applications
+---------------------------
+
+While developing and testing a Falcon ASGI application along the lines of this
+tutorial, you may encounter unexpected issues or behaviors, be it a copy-paste
+mistake, an idea that didn't work out, or unusual input where validation falls
+outside of the scope of this tutorial.
+
+Unlike WSGI, the ASGI specification has no standard mechanism for logging
+errors back to the application server, so Falcon falls back to the stdlib's
+:mod:`logging` (using the ``falcon`` :class:`logger <logging.Logger>`).
+
+As a well-behaved library, Falcon does not configure any loggers since that
+might interfere with the user's logging setup.
+Here's how you can set up basic logging in your ASGI Falcon application via
+:func:`logging.basicConfig`:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import logging
+
+    import falcon
+
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+
+
+    class ErrorResource:
+        def on_get(self, req, resp):
+            raise Exception('Something went wrong!')
+
+
+    app = falcon.App()
+    app.add_route('/error', ErrorResource())
+
+When the above route is accessed, Falcon will catch the unhandled exception and
+automatically log an error message. Below is an example of what the log output
+might look like:
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+    ERROR:falcon.asgi.app:Unhandled exception in ASGI application
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "/path/to/your/app.py", line 123, in __call__
+        resp = resource.on_get(req, resp)
+      File "/path/to/your/app.py", line 7, in on_get
+        raise Exception("Something went wrong!")
+    Exception: Something went wrong!
+
+.. note::
+    While logging is helpful for development and debugging, be mindful of
+    logging sensitive information. Ensure that log files are stored securely
+    and are not accessible to unauthorized users.
+
+.. note::
+    Unhandled errors are only logged automatically by Falcon's default error
+    handler for :class:`Exception`. If you
+    :meth:`replace this handler <falcon.asgi.App.add_error_handler>` with your
+    own generic :class:`Exception` handler, you are responsible for logging or
+    reporting these errors yourself.
+
 .. _asgi_tutorial_config:
 
 Configuration
@@ -963,54 +1025,6 @@ adding ``--cov-fail-under=100`` (or any other percent threshold) to our
     tests in multiple environments would most probably involve running
     ``coverage`` directly, and combining results.
 
-.. _debugging-asgi-applications:
-
-Debugging ASGI Applications
----------------------------
-(This section also applies to WSGI applications)
-
-While developing and testing ASGI applications, understanding how to configure
-and utilize logging can be helpful, especially when you encounter unexpected
-issues or behaviors.
-
-By default, Falcon does not set up logging for you,
-but Python's built-in :mod:`logging` module provides a flexible framework for
-emitting and capturing log messages. Here's how you can set up basic logging in
-your ASGI Falcon application:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    import logging
-    import falcon
-
-    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-
-    class ErrorResource:
-        def on_get(self, req, resp):
-            raise Exception('Something went wrong!')
-
-    app = falcon.App()
-    app.add_route('/error', ErrorResource())
-
-When the above route is accessed, Falcon will catch the unhandled exception and
-automatically log an error message. Below is an example of what the log output
-might look like:
-
-.. code-block:: none
-
-    ERROR:falcon.asgi.app:Unhandled exception in ASGI application
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "path/to/falcon/app.py", line 123, in __call__
-        resp = resource.on_get(req, resp)
-      File "/path/to/your/app.py", line 7, in on_get
-        raise Exception("Something went wrong!")
-    Exception: Something went wrong!
-
-.. note::
-   While logging is helpful for development and debugging, be mindful of logging
-   sensitive information. Ensure that log files are stored securely and are not
-   accessible to unauthorized users.
-
 What Now?
 ---------
 

falcon/typing.py

@@ -21,19 +21,28 @@
     from falcon.asgi import SSEvent
 
 Headers = Dict[str, str]
-"""Headers dictionary returned by the framework."""
+"""Headers dictionary returned by the framework.
+
+.. versionadded:: 4.0
+"""
 
 
 # WSGI
 class ReadableIO(Protocol):
-    """File-like protocol that defines only a read method."""
+    """File-like protocol that defines only a read method.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+    """
 
     def read(self, n: Optional[int] = ..., /) -> bytes: ...
 
 
 # ASGI
 class AsyncReadableIO(Protocol):
-    """Async file-like protocol that defines only a read method, and is iterable."""
+    """Async file-like protocol that defines only a read method, and is iterable.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.0
+    """
 
     async def read(self, n: Optional[int] = ..., /) -> bytes: ...
     def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]: ...
@@ -42,4 +51,6 @@ def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[bytes]: ...
 SSEEmitter = AsyncIterator[Optional['SSEvent']]
 """Async generator or iterator over Server-Sent Events
 (instances of :class:`falcon.asgi.SSEvent`).
+
+.. versionadded:: 4.0
 """

falcon/version.py

@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@
 
 """Falcon version."""
 
-__version__ = '4.1.0.dev1'
+__version__ = '4.0.2'
 """Current version of Falcon."""

pyproject.toml

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ include = ["falcon*"]
 [tool.towncrier]
     package = "falcon"
     package_dir = ""
-    filename = "docs/changes/4.1.0.rst"
+    filename = "docs/changes/4.0.2.rst"
     directory = "docs/_newsfragments"
     issue_format = "`#{issue} <https://github.com/falconry/falcon/issues/{issue}>`__"