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quantum_dodecahedron, quantum_icosahedron
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valbert4 committed Dec 10, 2024
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29 changes: 29 additions & 0 deletions codes/quantum/qubits/small_distance/quantum_icosahedron.yml
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#######################################################
## This is a code entry in the error correction zoo. ##
## https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo ##
#######################################################

code_id: quantum_icosahedron
physical: qubits
logical: qubits

name: '\([[54,6,5]]\) five-covered icosahedral code'
introduced: '\cite{arxiv:2411.14448}'

description: |
A \([[54,6,5]]\) qubit stabilizer code defined whose \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} is the graph of a five-cover of the icosahedron \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.
relations:
parents:
- code_id: qubit_stabilizer
- code_id: small_distance_quantum
cousins:
- code_id: icosahedron
detail: 'The \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} of the \([[54,6,5]]\) five-covered icosahedral code is the graph of a five-cover of the icosahedron \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.'

# Begin Entry Meta Information
_meta:
changelog:
- user_id: VictorVAlbert
date: '2024-12-13'
32 changes: 32 additions & 0 deletions codes/quantum/qubits/small_distance/small/quantum_dodecahedron.yml
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#######################################################
## This is a code entry in the error correction zoo. ##
## https://github.com/errorcorrectionzoo ##
#######################################################

code_id: quantum_dodecahedron
physical: qubits
logical: qubits

name: '\([[16,4,3]]\) dodecahedral code'
introduced: '\cite{arxiv:2411.14448}'

description: |
A \([[16,4,3]]\) qubit stabilizer code defined whose \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} is the graph of vertices of a dodecahedron \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}..
features:
rate: 'The code has a rate of \(1/4\), higher than that of the five-qubit perfect code.'

encoders:
- 'Low-depth encoding circuit \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.'

relations:
parents:
- code_id: qubit_stabilizer
- code_id: small_distance_quantum


# Begin Entry Meta Information
_meta:
changelog:
- user_id: VictorVAlbert
date: '2024-12-13'
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions codes/quantum/qubits/small_distance/small/shor_nine.yml
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X & X & X & X & X & X & I & I & I
\end{bmatrix}~.
\end{align}
The \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} of the Shor code is a star-shaped tree graph \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.
The code works by \hyperref[code:qubit_concatenated]{concatenating} each qubit of a phase-flip with a bit-flip \hyperref[code:quantum_repetition]{repetition code}. Therefore, the code can correct both type of errors simultaneously.
# Specifically, a state is phase-flip error-corrected by a three-qubit phase-flip \hyperref[code:quantum_repetition]{repetition code}, with stabilizer generators \(X_0 X_1I_2\) and \(X_0I_1X_2\) in \(X\) basis, where the subscript represents the qubit index. Each logical qubit is encoded using
# \begin{align}
# \label{eq:phase-flip}
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions codes/quantum/qubits/small_distance/small/stab_5_1_3.yml
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\end{split}
\end{align}
The code's automorphism group is the dihedral group of order 10 \cite{arxiv:2109.12735}.
The \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} of the code is a pentagon graph with an additional central input node \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.
It is the unique code for its parameters, up to equivalence \cite[Corr. 10]{arxiv:quant-ph/9704043}.
Any 5 qubit \(2T\)-transversal stabilizer code with distance \(d>1\) must be the five-qubit code \cite{arxiv:2306.12526,manual:{Ian Teixeira, private communication, 2024}}.
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}
\label{figure:steane-operators}
\end{figure}
The Steane code can also be thought of as a code on all corners of a cube except one \cite{doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0494}.
The Steane code can also be thought of as a code on all corners of a cube except one \cite{doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0494,arxiv:1306.4532}, and the cube graph is the code''s \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.
Logical codewords are
\begin{align}
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12 changes: 10 additions & 2 deletions codes/quantum/qubits/stabilizer/qubit_stabilizer.yml
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This classical code corresponds to the stabilizer group \(\mathsf{S}\) while its trace-Hermitian dual corresponds to the normalizer \(\mathsf{N(S)}\).
In the case of stabilizer states, the correspondence is between such states and trace-Hermitian self-dual quaternary codes; such codes, and therefore such states, have been classified up to equivalence for \(n \leq 12\) \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0503236,arxiv:math/0504522}.
There exist two representations \cite{arxiv:2205.02009,arxiv:2411.14448} that utilize ZX calculus.
ZX calculus is complete, sound, and universal for qubit stabilizer codes \cite{arxiv:1307.7025}.
Any stabilizer code can be represented by a \textit{ZX canonical form} (ZXCF) \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}, and there exist two other representations \cite{arxiv:2205.02009,arxiv:2411.14448} that utilize ZX calculus.
\begin{defterm}{Encoder-respecting form}
\label{topic:encoder-respecting}
In an \textit{encoder-respecting form}, each qubit stabilizer code \cite{arxiv:2411.14448} (see also Ref. \cite{arxiv:2109.10210}) is represented by a bipartite graph with \(k\) input and \(n\) output nodes in which the \(k\) input nodes are not connected to each other.
Conversion between stabilizer tableaus and graphs is achieved using ZX calculus and takes time that is polynomial in \(n\).
Properties of the underlying graph are related to properties of the code \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.
\end{defterm}
Alternative representations include the \textit{decoupling representation}, in which Pauli strings are represented as vectors over \(GF(2)\) using three bits \cite{arxiv:2305.17505}.
Qubit stabilizer states can be expressed in terms of linear and quadratic functions over \(\mathbb{Z}_2^n\) \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0304125}.
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Detects errors on up to \(d-1\) qubits, and corrects erasure errors on up to \(d-1\) qubits.
There are algorithms to calculate the minimum distance \cite{arxiv:2109.11996,arxiv:2408.10743,arxiv:2409.13017}.
Computing the distance exactly or approximately is generally \(NP\)-complete, and is \(NP\)-hard for \hyperref[topic:degeneracy]{non-degenerate} codes \cite{arxiv:2203.04262}.
Distance approximation and stabilizer \hyperref[topic:weight-reduction]{weight reduction} are approximately optimal strategies for various quantum lights-out (QLO) games that can be played on the codes'' \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.
There is the following analogue of the \term{Knill-Laflamme conditions} for qubit stabilizer codes.
Define the normalizer \(\mathsf{N(S)}\) of \(\mathsf{S}\) to be the set of all Pauli operators that commute with all \(S\in\mathsf{S}\).
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- 'Clifford stabilizer circuits can be compiled using tableau manipulation \cite{arxiv:2404.19408}.'
- 'A teleported version of the CPC construction can reduce noise in Clifford circuits with Pauli measurements with at most a three-fold overhead in the number of qubits and gates \cite{arxiv:2407.06583}. There is a simple formula for the probability that a Clifford circuit contains a logical error \cite{arxiv:2009.07752}.'
decoders:
- 'The size of the circuit extracting the syndrome depends on the weight of its corresponding stabilizer generator. Syndrome extraction circuits can be simulated efficiently using dedicated software (e.g., STIM \cite{arxiv:2103.02202}) and there are many general schemes for generating them \cite{arxiv:2408.01339} (see also \cite{arxiv:2402.04093}).'
- 'The size of the circuit extracting the syndrome depends on the weight of its corresponding stabilizer generator. Syndrome extraction circuits can be simulated efficiently using dedicated software (e.g., STIM \cite{arxiv:2103.02202}) and there are many general schemes for generating them \cite{arxiv:2408.01339} (see also \cite{arxiv:2402.04093}). Decoding of qubit stabilizer codes is an approximately optimal strategy for various quantum lights-out (QLO) games that can be played on the codes'' \hyperref[topic:encoder-respecting]{encoder-respecting form} \cite{arxiv:2411.14448}.'
- 'DiVincenzo-Aliferis syndrome extraction circuits \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0607047}.'
- 'Greedy syndrome measurement schedule \cite{arxiv:2409.14283}.'
- 'Dynamical weight reduction (DWR) scheme in which measurements of smaller-weight Paulis yield the outcome of a larger-weight Pauli via the use of ZX calculus and ancillary qubits \cite{arxiv:2410.12527}.'
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