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wigner refs
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valbert4 committed Sep 12, 2024
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States of a single oscillator correspond to \(L^2\)-normalizable functions on \(\mathbb{R}\) that have finite energy, finite variance, and finite values of all other moments (where the energy operator is defined to be the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian); such functions form \textit{Schwartz space}, a subspace of Hilbert space \cite{arxiv:2211.05714}.
Ideal codewords may not be normalizable because the space is infinite-dimensional, so approximate versions have to be constructed in practice.
States can be represented by a series via a basis expansion, such as that in the countable basis of Fock states \(|n\rangle\) with \(n\geq 0\).
Alternatively, states can be represented as functions over the reals by expanding in a continuous "basis" (more technically, set of tempered distributions in the space dual to Schwartz space), such as the position "basis" \(|y\rangle\) with \(y\in\mathbb{R}\) or the momentum "basis" \(|p\rangle\) with \(p\in\mathbb{R}\).
States can further be represented as functions over the joint position-momentum phase space in the Wigner function formalism \cite{doi:10.1103/PhysRev.40.749,doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.15.449}.
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\subsection{Displacement error basis}
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detail: 'Group quantum codes whose physical spaces are constructed using the group of the reals \(\mathbb{R}\) under addition are bosonic codes.'
cousins:
- code_id: t-designs
detail: 'The notion of quantum state designs has been extended to bosonic modes \cite{arxiv:2211.05127}.'
detail: 'The notion of quantum state designs has been extended to states of a bosonic mode \cite{arxiv:2211.05127}.'


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