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topological refs
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valbert4 committed May 20, 2024
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11 changes: 10 additions & 1 deletion codes/quantum/groups/topological/quantum_double.yml
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Expand Up @@ -13,13 +13,22 @@ introduced: '\cite{arxiv:quant-ph/9707021}'
description: |
Group-GKP stabilizer code whose codewords realize 2D modular gapped topological order defined by a finite group \(G\).
The code's generators are few-body operators associated to the stars and plaquettes, respectively, of a tessellation of a two-dimensional surface (with a qudit of dimension \( |G| \) located at each edge of the tesselation).
The code dimension depends on the type of boundary used \cite{arxiv:1006.5479}.
The physical Hilbert space has dimension \( |G|^E \), where \( E \) is the number of edges in the tessellation. The dimension of the code space is the number of orbits of the conjugation action of \( G \) on \( \text{Hom}(\pi_1(\Sigma),G) \), the set of group homomorphisms from the fundamental group of the surface \( \Sigma \) into the finite group \( G \) \cite{arxiv:1908.02829}. When \( G \) is Abelian, the formula for the dimension simplifies to \( |G|^{2g} \), where \( g \) is the genus of the surface \( \Sigma \).
The codespace is the ground-state subspace of the quantum double model Hamiltonian.
The codespace is the ground-state subspace of the quantum double model Hamiltonian, while local excitations are characterized by anyons.
Different types of anyons are labeled by irreducible representations of the group's quantum double algebra, \(D(G)\) (a.k.a. Drinfield center) \cite{arxiv:1006.5479}.
Not all isomorphic non-Abelian groups give rise to different quantum doubles \cite{arxiv:math/0605530}.
For non-Abelian groups, alternative constructions are possible, encoding information in the fusion space of the low-energy anyonic quasiparticle excitations of the model \cite{doi:10.1007/3-540-49208-9_31,arxiv:quant-ph/0306063,doi:10.1017/CBO9780511792908}.
The fusion space of such non-Abelian anyons has dimension greater than one, allowing for topological quantum computation of logical information stored in the fusion outcomes.
protection: |
Error-correcting properties established in Ref. \cite{arxiv:1908.02829}.
The code distance is the number of edges in the shortest non contractible cycle in the tesselation or dual tesselation \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0110143}.
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4 changes: 3 additions & 1 deletion codes/quantum/properties/block/topological/topological.yml
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Expand Up @@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ description: |
\end{align}
relates the chiral central charge (modulo 8) to the exchange statistics and quantum dimensions.
There exist functions of code states that extract the total quantum dimension \(D\) \cite{arxiv:hep-th/0510092,arxiv:cond-mat/0510613}, the topological \(S\)-matrix \cite{arxiv:1111.2342,arxiv:1407.2926}, and the chiral central charge \(c_-\) \cite{arxiv:2110.06932}.
# Frohlich braiding anyons doi:10.1142/S0129055X90000107,
# Mention [39-41] in arxiv:2211.03798

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\end{align}
and a generalization of the formula to the non-orientable case can be found in Ref. \cite{arxiv:1612.07792}.'
encoders:
- 'The unitary circuit depth required to initialize in a general topologically ordered state using geometrically local gates on an \(L\times L\) lattice is \(\Omega(L)\) \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0603121}, irrespective of whether the ground state admits Abelian or non-Abelian anyonic excitations.
- 'The unitary circuit depth required to initialize in a general topologically ordered state using geometrically local gates on an \(L\times L\) lattice is \(\Omega(L)\) \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0603121,arxiv:quant-ph/0603114}, irrespective of whether the ground state admits Abelian or non-Abelian anyonic excitations.
However, only a finite-depth circuit and one round of measurements is required for non-Abelian topological orders with a Lagrangian subgroup \cite{arxiv:2209.03964}.'
general_gates:
- 'Ising anyon braiding and fusion were studied in a phenomenological model that was the first to study error correction with non-Abelian anyons \cite{arxiv:1311.0019}.'
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- 'A depth-\(L^2\) circuit that grows the code out of a small patch on an \(L\times L\) square lattice using CNOT gates (i.e., "local moves") \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0110143,arxiv:0712.0348}.'
- 'Teleportation-based state injection into the planar code \cite{arxiv:1202.1016}.'
- 'Graph-state based adaptive circuit \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0703143,arxiv:1105.2111}.'
- 'For an \(L\times L\) lattice, deterministic state preparation can be done with a geometrically local unitary \(O(L)\)-depth circuit \cite{arxiv:2002.00362,arxiv:2110.02020} or an \(O(\log{L})\)-depth unitary circuit with non-local two-qubit gates \cite{arxiv:0712.0348,arxiv:0806.4583,arxiv:1207.0253} (matching lower bounds \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0603121,arxiv:1810.03912}).'
- 'For an \(L\times L\) lattice, deterministic state preparation can be done with a geometrically local unitary \(O(L)\)-depth circuit \cite{arxiv:2002.00362,arxiv:2110.02020} or an \(O(\log{L})\)-depth unitary circuit with non-local two-qubit gates \cite{arxiv:0712.0348,arxiv:0806.4583,arxiv:1207.0253} (matching lower bounds \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0603121,arxiv:quant-ph/0603114,arxiv:1810.03912}).'
- 'Stabilizer measurement-based circuit of linear depth \cite{arxiv:quant-ph/0110143,arxiv:1404.2495}.'
- 'Any geometrically local unitary circuit on a lattice \(\Lambda\) that prepares a state whose energy density with respect to the surface code Hamiltonian is \(\epsilon\) must have depth of order \(\Omega(\min(\sqrt{|\Lambda|},1/\epsilon^{\frac{1-\alpha}{2}}))\) for any \(\alpha>0\) \cite{arxiv:2210.06796}.'
- 'Single-shot state preparation \cite{arxiv:1904.01502}.'
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The corresponding anyon theory is defined by an Abelian group.
All such codes can be realized by a stack of modular-qudit surface codes because all Abelian groups are Kronecker products of cyclic groups.
There exists an invariant that can be computed to uniquely characterize the anyons of a state in an Abelian quantum-double topological phase \cite{arxiv:1407.2926}.
protection: |
Error-correcting properties established in Ref. \cite{arxiv:1804.03203} using operator algebra theory.
Correcting the maximum number of correctable errors is \(NP\)-complete \cite{arxiv:2404.08552}.
features:
encoders:
- 'Any geometrically local unitary circuit connecting two quantum double models whose groups are not isomorphic must have depth at linear linear in \(n\) \cite{arxiv:1407.2926}.'
decoders:
- 'Efficient decoder correcting below the code distance \cite{arxiv:2404.08552}.'

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