ADAP-1126: Filter pull request checks to only impacted packages

[mikealfare]

Problem

Now that we have all of the adapters in the same repo, CI checks have grown in number. We should limit CI checks to only those that apply to affected packages. We can also use this as an opportunity to test changes to dependent packages, e.g. a change to dbt-adapters should trigger tests across all adapters.

Solution

• Use the dorny/path-filters action that has been previously used to filter down to affected packages.
• Apply different filters based on the check being done, e.g. dbt-tests-adapter has no unit tests nor integration tests, but does need a changelog