[Update 2009-10-28: apart from all the nifty new features, there's now an "easy install" script in the src directory. This script can be used to install as well as upgrade a gitolite install. Please see the INSTALL document for details]
Gitolite is a rewrite of gitosis, with a completely different config file that allows (at last!) access control down to the branch level, including specifying who can and cannot rewind a given branch.
In this document:
- what
- why
- extra features
- security
- contact and license
Gitolite allows a server to host many git repositories and provide access to
many developers, without having to give them real userids on the server. The
essential magic in doing this is ssh's pubkey access and the authorized_keys
file, and the inspiration was an older program called gitosis.
Gitolite can restrict who can read from (clone/fetch) or write to (push) a
repository. It can also restrict who can push to what branch or tag, which is
very important in a corporate environment. Gitolite can be installed without
requiring root permissions, and with no additional software than git itself
and perl. It also has several other neat features described below and
elsewhere in the doc/ directory.
I have been using gitosis for a while, and have learnt a lot from it. But in a typical $DAYJOB setting, there are some issues:
- it's not always Linux; you can't just "urpmi gitosis" (or yum or apt-get) and be done
- often, "python-setuptools" isn't installed (and on a Solaris9 I was trying to help remotely, we never did manage to install it eventually)
- you don't have root access, or the ability to add users (this is also true for people who have just one userid on a hosting provider)
- the most requested feature (see below) had to be written anyway
All of this pointed to a rewrite. In perl, naturally :-)
The most important feature I needed was per-branch permissions. This is pretty much mandatory in a corporate environment, and is almost the single reason I started thinking about rolling my own gitosis in the first place.
It's not just "read-only" versus "read-write". Rewinding a branch (aka "non
fast forward push") is potentially dangerous, but sometimes needed. So is
deleting a branch (which is really just an extreme form of rewind). I needed
something in between allowing anyone to do it (the default) and disabling it
completely (receive.denyNonFastForwards or receive.denyDeletes).
Here're some more features. All of them, and more, are documented in detail here.
- simpler, yet far more powerful, config file syntax, including specifying gitweb/daemon access. You'll need this power if you manage lots of users+repos+combinations of access
- apart from branch-name based restrictions, you can also restrict by
file/dir name changed (i.e., output of
git diff --name-only) - config file syntax gets checked upfront, and much more thoroughly
- if your requirements are still too complex, you can split up the config file and delegate authority over parts of it
- easier to specify gitweb owner, description and gitweb/daemon access
- easier to sync gitweb (http) authorisation with gitolite's access config
- more comprehensive logging [aka: management does not think "blame" is just a synonym for "annotate" :-)]
- "personal namespace" prefix for each dev
- migration guide and simple converter for gitosis conf file
- "exclude" (or "deny") rights at the branch/tag level
Due to the environment in which this was created and the need it fills, I consider this a "security" program, albeit a very modest one.
For the first person to find a security hole in it, defined as allowing a normal user (not the gitolite admin) to read a repo, or write/rewind a ref, that the config file says he shouldn't, and caused by a bug in code that is in the "master" branch, (not in the other branches, or the configuration file or in Unix, perl, shell, etc.)... well I can't afford 1000 USD rewards like djb, so you'll have to settle for 1000 INR (Indian Rupees) as a "token" prize :-)
However, there are a few optional features (which must be explicitly enabled
in the RC file) where I just haven't had the time to reason about security
thoroughly enough. Please read the comments in conf/example.gitolite.rc for
details, looking for the word "security".
Gitolite is released under GPL v2. See COPYING for details.