[turbodbc] Add example "Using CrateDB with turbodbc"

by-language/python-turbodbc/.gitignore

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+.venv*

by-language/python-turbodbc/README.rst

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+###########################
+Using CrateDB with turbodbc
+###########################
+
+
+*****
+About
+*****
+
+This section of the documentation describes how to connect to `CrateDB`_
+with `turbodbc`_, by providing a few example programs.
+
+The examples use the `unixODBC`_ implementation of `ODBC`_, and the `PostgreSQL
+ODBC driver`_, for connecting to the `PostgreSQL wire protocol`_ interface of
+`CrateDB`_.
+
+This folder also contains ``Dockerfile`` files providing environments to
+exercise the examples on different operating systems, like Arch Linux,
+Red Hat (CentOS), Debian, and SUSE Linux.
+
+
+************
+Introduction
+************
+
+`Turbodbc`_ is a Python module to access relational databases via the `Open
+Database Connectivity (ODBC)`_ interface. In addition to complying with
+the `Python Database API Specification 2.0`_, turbodbc offers built-in `NumPy`_
+and `Apache Arrow`_ support for improved performance. Their slogan is:
+
+    Don’t wait minutes for your results, just blink.
+
+*Note: The description texts have been taken from turbodbc's documentation 1:1.*
+
+Description
+===========
+
+Its primary target audience are data scientists that use databases for which no
+efficient native Python drivers are available.
+
+For maximum compatibility, turbodbc complies with the `Python Database API
+Specification 2.0`_ (PEP 249). For maximum performance, turbodbc internally
+relies on batched data transfer instead of single-record communication as
+other popular ODBC modules do.
+
+Why should I use turbodbc instead of other ODBC modules?
+========================================================
+
+- Short answer: turbodbc is faster.
+- Slightly longer answer: turbodbc is faster, *much* faster if you want to
+  work with NumPy.
+- Medium-length answer: The author has tested turbodbc and pyodbc (probably
+  the most popular Python ODBC module) with various databases (Exasol,
+  PostgreSQL, MySQL) and corresponding ODBC drivers. He found turbodbc to be
+  consistently faster.
+
+Smooth. What is the trick?
+==========================
+
+Turbodbc exploits buffering.
+
+- Turbodbc implements both sending parameters and retrieving result sets using
+  buffers of multiple rows/parameter sets. This avoids round trips to the ODBC
+  driver and (depending how well the ODBC driver is written) to the database.
+- Multiple buffers are used for asynchronous I/O. This allows to interleave
+  Python object conversion and direct database interaction (see performance
+  options below).
+- Buffers contain binary representations of data. NumPy arrays contain binary
+  representations of data. Good thing they are often the same, so instead of
+  converting, the driver can just copy data.
+
+
+*****
+Setup
+*****
+
+Install prerequisites
+=====================
+
+Arch Linux::
+
+    # See `dockerfiles/archlinux.Dockerfile`.
+
+CentOS Stream::
+
+    dnf install --enablerepo=crb -y boost-devel g++ postgresql-odbc python3 python3-devel python3-pip unixODBC-devel
+
+Debian::
+
+    apt-get install --yes build-essential libboost-dev odbc-postgresql unixodbc-dev
+
+macOS/Homebrew::
+
+    brew install psqlodbc unixodbc
+
+SUSE Linux Enterprise Server::
+
+    # See `dockerfiles/sles.Dockerfile`.
+
+Install Python sandbox
+======================
+::
+
+    # Create Python virtualenv and install dependency packages.
+    python3 -m venv .venv
+    source .venv/bin/activate
+    pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements-prereq.txt
+    pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements.txt --verbose
+
+.. note::
+
+    The `turbodbc pip installation documentation`_ says:
+    Please ``pip install numpy`` before installing turbodbc, because turbodbc
+    will search for the ``numpy`` Python package at installation/compile time.
+    If NumPy is not installed, turbodbc will not compile the `NumPy
+    support`_ features. Similarly, please ``pip install pyarrow`` before
+    installing turbodbc if you would like to use the `Apache Arrow
+    support`_.
+
+
+*****
+Usage
+*****
+
+Run CrateDB::
+
+    docker run --rm -it --publish=4200:4200 --publish=5432:5432 crate \
+        -Cdiscovery.type=single-node -Ccluster.routing.allocation.disk.threshold_enabled=false
+
+Invoke demo program on workstation::
+
+	python demo.py
+
+Exercise demo program using Docker, on different operating systems::
+
+    docker build --progress=plain --tag local/python-turbodbc-demo --file=dockerfiles/archlinux.Dockerfile .
+    docker build --progress=plain --tag local/python-turbodbc-demo --file=dockerfiles/centos.Dockerfile .
+    docker build --progress=plain --tag local/python-turbodbc-demo --file=dockerfiles/debian.Dockerfile .
+    docker build --progress=plain --tag local/python-turbodbc-demo --file=dockerfiles/sles.Dockerfile .
+
+    docker run --rm -it --volume=$(pwd):/src --network=host local/python-turbodbc-demo python3 /src/demo.py
+
+
+*******
+Backlog
+*******
+
+The patch just contains a basic example within ``demo.py``. Advanced usage
+examples to be exercised are tracked within the `backlog`_.
+
+
+
+.. _Apache Arrow: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Arrow
+.. _Apache Arrow support: https://turbodbc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pages/advanced_usage.html#advanced-usage-arrow
+.. _backlog: https://github.com/crate/cratedb-examples/blob/main/python-turbodbc/backlog.rst
+.. _CrateDB: https://github.com/crate/crate
+.. _NumPy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NumPy
+.. _NumPy support: https://turbodbc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pages/advanced_usage.html#advanced-usage-numpy
+.. _ODBC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity
+.. _Open Database Connectivity (ODBC): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity
+.. _PostgreSQL ODBC driver: https://odbc.postgresql.org/
+.. _PostgreSQL wire protocol: https://crate.io/docs/crate/reference/en/latest/interfaces/postgres.html
+.. _Python Database API Specification 2.0: https://peps.python.org/pep-0249/
+.. _turbodbc: https://turbodbc.readthedocs.io/
+.. _turbodbc pip installation documentation: https://turbodbc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pages/getting_started.html#pip
+.. _unixODBC: https://www.unixodbc.org/

by-language/python-turbodbc/backlog.rst

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+#######################
+python-turbodbc backlog
+#######################
+
+Various items how this little code example can be improved.
+
+- [x] Provide basic example
+- [x] Insert multiple records using parameters
+- [x] Docs: Add installation on SUSE
+- [x] Provide example(s) for different operating systems (Linux, macOS)
+- [o] Docs: Drop a note about connecting with driver file vs. connecting via DSN
+- [o] Evaluate different ODBC drivers
+- [o] Provide an example scenario how to run it on Windows
+- [o] Exercise advanced NumPy and PyArrow options
+- [o] Exchange advanced CrateDB data types like ``OBJECT``, ``ARRAY``, and friends
+- [o] Use ``SSLmode = Yes`` to connect to CrateDB Cloud
+- [o] Explore other driver options at `Zabbix » Recommended UnixODBC settings for PostgreSQL`_
+- [o] Check out https://github.com/dirkjonker/sqlalchemy-turbodbc
+- [o] Check out https://docs.devart.com/odbc/postgresql/centos.htm
+
+
+.. _Zabbix » Recommended UnixODBC settings for PostgreSQL: https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/config/items/itemtypes/odbc_checks/unixodbc_postgresql

by-language/python-turbodbc/demo.py

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+import os
+import sys
+
+from turbodbc import connect
+
+
+def demo_pg():
+    # Connect to database.
+    # https://turbodbc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pages/getting_started.html#establish-a-connection-with-your-database
+
+    # Either connect per data source name defined within the ODBC configuration,
+    # connection = connect(dsn="postgresql", server="localhost", database="testdrive", uid="crate", pwd=None)
+
+    # or connect per connection string, referencing a driver file directly.
+    if sys.platform == "linux":
+        candidates = [
+            # archlinux
+            "/usr/lib/psqlodbcw.so",
+            # Debian
+            "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/odbc/psqlodbcw.so",
+            # Red Hat
+            "/usr/lib64/psqlodbcw.so",
+        ]
+        driver_file = find_program(candidates)
+        if driver_file is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unable to detect driver file at {candidates}")
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin":
+        driver_file = "/usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so"
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"Platform {sys.platform} not supported yet")
+
+    connection_string = f"Driver={driver_file};Server=localhost;Port=5432;Database=testdrive;Uid=crate;Pwd=;"
+    print(f"INFO: Connecting to '{connection_string}'")
+    connection = connect(connection_string=connection_string)
+
+    # Insert data.
+    cursor = connection.cursor()
+    cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS testdrive (id INT PRIMARY KEY, data TEXT);")
+    cursor.execute("DELETE FROM testdrive;")
+    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO testdrive VALUES (0, 'zero'), (1, 'one'), (2, 'two');")
+    cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO testdrive VALUES (?, ?);", [(3, "three"), (4, "four"), (5, "five")])
+    cursor.execute("REFRESH TABLE testdrive;")
+    cursor.close()
+
+    # Query data.
+    cursor = connection.cursor()
+    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM testdrive ORDER BY id")
+
+    print("Column metadata:")
+    print(cursor.description)
+
+    print("Results by row:")
+    for row in cursor:
+        print(row)
+
+    cursor.close()
+
+    # Terminate database connection.
+    connection.close()
+
+
+def find_program(candidates):
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        if os.path.exists(candidate):
+            return candidate
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    demo_pg()

by-language/python-turbodbc/dockerfiles/archlinux.Dockerfile

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+# ---------------------------
+# Setup archlinux environment
+# ---------------------------
+
+# Include `yay` for easily installing AUR packages.
+
+FROM archlinux:base-20230205.0.123931 as archlinux-build
+
+# Allow building packages using `makepkg` within Docker container.
+# https://blog.ganssle.io/tag/arch-linux.html
+RUN pacman -Sy --noconfirm --needed base-devel binutils fakeroot git sudo
+RUN useradd --create-home build
+RUN echo 'build ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL' >> /etc/sudoers
+
+# Install AUR package helper program `yay`.
+# https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/yay
+RUN mkdir /yay-bin; chmod ugo+rwX /yay-bin
+USER build
+RUN \
+    git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay-bin.git && \
+    cd yay-bin && \
+    makepkg -si --noconfirm
+USER root
+
+
+# --------------------------
+# Setup turbodbc environment
+# --------------------------
+
+# Install Python, unixODBC, PostgreSQL ODBC driver, and turbodbc.
+
+FROM archlinux-build
+
+# Install unixODBC.
+# https://archlinux.org/packages/core/x86_64/unixodbc/
+RUN pacman -Sy --noconfirm --needed unixodbc
+
+# Install PostgreSQL ODBC driver.
+# https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/psqlodbc
+USER build
+RUN yay -S --noconfirm psqlodbc
+USER root
+
+# Install NumPy, PyArrow, and turbodbc.
+RUN pacman -Sy --noconfirm --needed boost python python-pip python-setuptools
+ADD requirements*.txt .
+RUN pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements-prereq.txt
+RUN MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements.txt --verbose

by-language/python-turbodbc/dockerfiles/centos.Dockerfile

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+FROM quay.io/centos/centos:stream9
+
+# Install Python, unixODBC, the PostgreSQL ODBC driver, and development libraries.
+RUN dnf install --enablerepo=crb -y boost-devel g++ postgresql-odbc python3 python3-devel python3-pip unixODBC-devel
+
+# Install Python, NumPy, PyArrow, and turbodbc.
+ADD requirements*.txt .
+RUN pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements-prereq.txt
+RUN MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements.txt --verbose

by-language/python-turbodbc/dockerfiles/debian.Dockerfile

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+FROM python:3.11-slim-bullseye
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# Install prerequisites.
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install --yes build-essential libboost-dev odbc-postgresql unixodbc-dev
+
+# Install NumPy, PyArrow, and turbodbc.
+ADD requirements*.txt .
+RUN pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements-prereq.txt
+RUN MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements.txt --verbose

by-language/python-turbodbc/dockerfiles/sles.Dockerfile

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+FROM registry.suse.com/suse/sle15
+
+# Add package repository for acquiring `boost-devel`.
+# https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3Afsirl%3Aboost1651&package=boost
+RUN zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:fsirl:boost1651/15.4/home:fsirl:boost1651.repo
+
+# Add package repository for acquiring `python310`.
+# https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/python:/backports/15.4/
+RUN zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/python:/backports/15.4/devel:languages:python:backports.repo
+
+# Activate package repositories.
+RUN zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh
+
+# Install Python, unixODBC, the PostgreSQL ODBC driver, and development libraries.
+RUN zypper install -y boost-devel gcc-c++ psqlODBC python310 python310-devel python310-pip unixODBC-devel update-alternatives
+
+# Make Python 3.10 the default Python 3, and add an alias `python3`.
+RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.10 0
+RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 0
+
+# Install Python, NumPy, PyArrow, and turbodbc.
+ADD requirements*.txt .
+RUN pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements-prereq.txt
+RUN MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" pip install --upgrade --requirement=requirements.txt --verbose

by-language/python-turbodbc/odbc.ini

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+# More options:
+# https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/config/items/itemtypes/odbc_checks/unixodbc_postgresql
+
+[postgresql]
+Description  = General ODBC for PostgreSQL
+
+# General
+FileUsage   = 1
+
+# If the driver manager was built with thread support, this entry
+# alters the default thread serialization level (available since 1.6).
+Threading   = 2
+
+# Linux
+#Driver      = /usr/lib64/libodbcpsql.so
+#Setup       = /usr/lib64/libodbcpsqlS.so
+
+# macOS
+Driver      = /usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so

by-language/python-turbodbc/pyproject.toml

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+[tool.black]
+line-length = 120
+
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"
+skip_glob = "**/site-packages/**"
+skip_gitignore = false

by-language/python-turbodbc/requirements-prereq.txt

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+# Turbodbc wants NumPy and PyArrow to be installed upfront.
+numpy<1.25
+pyarrow<11
+wheel

by-language/python-turbodbc/requirements.txt

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+pytest<8
+turbodbc<5