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corvusdeinanis committed Oct 30, 2023
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8 changes: 6 additions & 2 deletions content/Brain.md
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---
alias:['brain']
tags:['psychology', 'science']
aliases:
- brain
tags:
- psychology
- science
- biology
---

# Brain
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7 changes: 7 additions & 0 deletions content/Cerebral Cortex.md
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---
title: Cerebral Cortex
date: 2023-10-30
tags:
- psychology
- biology
---


four lobes -
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion content/Forebrain.md
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---
tags:['psychology', 'science']
tags: ['psychology', 'science']
---

aka **prosencephalon** (encephalon = brain)
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion content/Midbrain.md
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---
tags:['psychology', 'science']
tags: ['psychology', 'science']
---


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20 changes: 7 additions & 13 deletions content/temp.md
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Expand Up @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) Initiativ
This initiative focuses on improving the health outcomes of women, children, and
adolescents. It aims to reduce maternal and child mortality, promote family planning,
ensure immunization coverage, and address nutritional deficiencies.
National AIDS Control Program (NACP): NACP is a comprehensive program launched
**National AIDS Control Program** (NACP): NACP is a comprehensive program launched
to prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS in India. It focuses on awareness
generation, prevention, testing, counseling, treatment, care, and support for people living
with HIV/AIDS.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Explain gate control theory of pain

Gate Control Theory of Pain:

The Gate Control Theory of Pain, proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in 1965, is a comprehensive model that describes how pain is perceived and modulated by the nervous system. This theory suggests that pain is not solely a result of direct sensory input from damaged tissue but is also influenced by various factors, including emotional, cognitive, and sensory components.
The **Gate Control Theory of Pain**, proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in 1965, is a comprehensive model that describes **how pain is perceived and modulated by the nervous system**. This theory suggests that pain is not solely a result of direct sensory input from damaged tissue but is also influenced by various factors, including emotional, cognitive, and sensory components.

Key components of the Gate Control Theory of Pain:

Expand All @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ Large-diameter, fast-conducting nerve fibers (A-beta fibers) that can inhibit th

Control of Pain Signals: According to the Gate Control Theory, when pain signals from the C fibers are transmitted to the brain, the gate is open, and individuals experience pain. However, when the A-beta fibers are activated (e.g., through non-painful touch or other sensory input), they can close the gate and reduce the perception of pain.

Psychological and Cognitive Factors: The theory also acknowledges that psychological and cognitive factors play a role in pain perception. Emotions, attention, and expectations can influence whether the gate is open or closed. For example, stress and anxiety can increase the perception of pain, while distraction and relaxation can help close the gate and reduce pain.
Psychological and Cognitive Factors: The theory also acknowledges that psychological and cognitive factors play a role in pain perception. **Emotions, attention, and expectations can influence whether the gate is open or closed**. For example, stress and anxiety can increase the perception of pain, while distraction and relaxation can help close the gate and reduce pain.

Write about intervention method for drugs, alcohol and tobacco use.

Expand All @@ -322,7 +322,6 @@ Residential Treatment Programs:
For individuals with severe substance use disorders, residential treatment programs offer an intensive, structured environment for recovery.
These programs often combine medical, psychological, and social support.


Support Groups:
Support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide peer support and a structured approach to recovery.
These groups offer a sense of community and accountability.
Expand All @@ -337,24 +336,21 @@ Aftercare and Relapse Prevention:
After completing a primary treatment program, individuals benefit from aftercare and relapse prevention strategies to maintain their recovery and address potential relapses.





Module 3

Explain the concept of health locus control, unrealistic optimism of health behavior

Health Locus of Control
Health locus of control is a psychological concept that refers to an individual's beliefs about the extent to which they have control over their own health and well-being. It is based on the broader concept of "locus of control," which was originally developed by psychologist Julian Rotter.
Health locus of control is a psychological concept that refers to an individual's **beliefs about the extent to which they have control over their own health and well-being**. It is based on the broader concept of "***locus of control***," which was originally developed by psychologist Julian Rotter.

There are two main dimensions of health locus of control:

1. Internal Health Locus of Control:
1. **Internal** Health Locus of Control:
- Individuals with a high internal health locus of control believe that their health and well-being are primarily influenced by their own behaviors, choices, and actions.
- They believe that they have control over their health outcomes and that their lifestyle decisions and adherence to medical recommendations play a significant role in determining their health.
Example: Someone with a strong internal health locus of control may believe that their health and well-being are largely influenced by their lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and stress management. They feel that they have control over their health outcomes and are responsible for making healthy decisions.

2. External Health Locus of Control:
2. **External** Health Locus of Control:
- Individuals with a high external health locus of control believe that their health is influenced by external factors outside of their control, such as luck, fate, chance, genetics, or powerful others (e.g., healthcare providers).
- They may feel that their health is determined by factors beyond their influence, leading to a sense of helplessness in managing their health.
Example: An individual with a strong external health locus of control may attribute their health outcomes to factors beyond their control, such as genetics, luck, or the healthcare system. They may feel that their health is determined by external forces, and that their actions have less impact.
Expand All @@ -363,7 +359,7 @@ The health locus of control concept can be applied in various health-related sit

Smoking Cessation: Someone with a strong internal health locus of control may believe that their decision to quit smoking is crucial for their health. They may view it as a personal choice. In contrast, a person with a strong external health locus of control may believe that quitting smoking is mainly dependent on factors like genetic predisposition to addiction.

Unrealistic optimism of health
**Unrealistic optimism of health**
Unrealistic optimism in the context of health behavior typically refers to a cognitive bias where individuals believe that they are less likely to experience negative health outcomes compared to others, even when objective evidence suggests otherwise. In other words, they unrealistically perceive their risk as lower than it actually is. This bias can impact health-related decision-making and behaviors.

Unrealistic optimism can manifest in various ways, such as underestimating personal risk factors for diseases like heart disease, cancer, or HIV/AIDS, or believing that harmful behaviors, like smoking or unhealthy eating, will not lead to negative health consequences for them personally.
Expand All @@ -383,8 +379,6 @@ Cues to Action: Cues to action are triggers that prompt individuals to take heal
Self-Efficacy: While not an original component of the HBM, self-efficacy, based on Albert Bandura's theory, is often integrated into the model. Self-efficacy reflects an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform the recommended health action.




Leventhal's Self-Regulation Model of Illness:
Leventhal's Self-Regulation Model of Illness is a broader framework that emphasizes how individuals process information about their health conditions. Key concepts include:

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