[DDO-3305] Expose GHA OIDC claims throughout Sherlock

[jack-r-warren]

Closes #360 (this PR is cherry-picked with the same contents against main, so it can be merged ahead of #356)

A bunch of refactoring work to make the following test happen:

func (s *handlerSuite) TestCiRunsV3Upsert_GithubActionsClaimDefaults() {
	// Note that the request body is empty!
	// Normally this would result in an error due to missing fields, but suppose a GHA OIDC JWT was passed...
	request := s.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/ci-runs/v3", CiRunV3Upsert{})
	request.Header.Set(gha_oidc.Header, "some GHA OIDC token")

	var got CiRunV3
	var code int
	gha_oidc.UseMockedVerifier(s.T(), func(v *gha_oidc_mocks.MockMockableVerifier) {
		v.EXPECT().VerifyAndParseClaims(mock.AnythingOfType("*gin.Context"), "some GHA OIDC token").
			Return(gha_oidc_claims.Claims{
				RepositoryOwner: "broadinstitute",
				Repository:      "broadinstitute/terra-github-workflows",
				WorkflowRef:     "broadinstitute/terra-github-workflows/.github/workflows/bee-create.yaml@refs/heads/main",
				RunID:           "123456",
				RunAttempt:      "1",
			}, nil)
	}, func() {
		code = s.HandleRequest(request, &got)
	})

	s.Equal(http.StatusCreated, code)
	s.NotZero(got.ID)
	s.Equal(got.Platform, "github-actions")
	s.Equal(got.GithubActionsOwner, "broadinstitute")
	s.Equal(got.GithubActionsRepo, "terra-github-workflows")
	s.Equal(got.GithubActionsRunID, uint(123456))
	s.Equal(got.GithubActionsAttemptNumber, uint(1))
	s.Equal(got.GithubActionsWorkflowPath, ".github/workflows/bee-create.yaml")
}

This will make calling this endpoint from Thelma way, way easier.

Testing

Fully mocked, most of why this wasn't trivial

Risk

Very low

[sonarqubecloud]

Kudos, SonarCloud Quality Gate passed!   

0 Bugs
0 Vulnerabilities
0 Security Hotspots
11 Code Smells

No Coverage information
0.0% Duplication

[github-actions]

No API changes detected

[github-actions]

Published image from 10d9112 (merge 46d3aea):

us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/dsp-artifact-registry/sherlock/sherlock:v0.2.40-46d3aea

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #361 (10d9112) into main (71ba041) will increase coverage by 1.59%.
Report is 5 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 76.09%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #361      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   66.91%   68.50%   +1.59%     
==========================================
  Files         151      157       +6     
  Lines        9155    10253    +1098     
==========================================
+ Hits         6126     7024     +898     
- Misses       2617     2742     +125     
- Partials      412      487      +75     

Files	Coverage Δ
...herlock/internal/api/sherlock/ci_runs_v3_upsert.go	59.58% <100.00%> (+2.39%)	⬆️
.../authentication/gha_oidc/gha_oidc_claims/claims.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...k/internal/authentication/gha_oidc/parse_header.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rlock/internal/authentication/gha_oidc/verifier.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...internal/authentication/test_users/parse_header.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...nal/authentication/test_users/test_suite_helper.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sherlock/internal/models/test_data.go	99.52% <100.00%> (+0.61%)	⬆️
sherlock/internal/github/client.go	73.52% <0.00%> (-2.23%)	⬇️
...lock/internal/models/deploy_hook_trigger_config.go	70.00% <33.33%> (-2.73%)	⬇️
sherlock/internal/slack/client.go	66.66% <0.00%> (-33.34%)	⬇️
... and 7 more

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes