refactor(docker): introduce rosdep-installed stage

[youtalk]

Description

This PR introduces the rosdep-installed stage before the prebuilt stage to execute rosdep install only one time.

Tests performed

Not applicable.

Effects on system behavior

Not applicable.

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[youtalk]

The spell check failure will be fixed at tier4/autoware-spell-check-dict#716
Done.

[mitsudome-r]

@oguzkaganozt Did you have any reasons for running rosdep twice in prebuilt and runtime steps?
I just wanted to confirm if you had any intention when you did the refactoring.
Otherwise, the change looks reasonable to me.

[doganulus]

First, rosdep installs build dependencies for devel image.

Second, rosdep installs runtime (exec) dependencies for runtime image.

This separation is very important.

[youtalk]

rosdep install does not provide an option to choose to install dependent packages based on exec_depend, build_depend, etc. All dependent packages including build_export_depend and test_depend will be installed.
This PR simply saves the waste of running the same rosdep install twice.

I am planning an apt package release of the Autoware packages. Once that is completed, we will be able to control the build and execution dependencies you mentioned.

[doganulus]

This is the PR that adds the support to dependency key selection: ros-infrastructure/rosdep#789

And we can use:

rosdep install --dependency-types build
rosdep install --dependency-types exec

Whether build_depend and exec_depend tags are used correctly in packages is another question and how to ensure their correct usage but I am bringing it into your attention.

[youtalk]

@doganulus Thank you for your feedback. I didn't know the option. Due to the rosdep install separation, I've closed this PR.