feat: a minimal plugin and template system

[ramboz]

Use case

As a developer, I want to be able to easily organize my code into different files, and execute some of the logic in each phase of the page load as needed.

In particular, I want a way to:

• easily define templates that have some JS logic
• add plugins for more advanced features like experimentation, conversion tracking, tag management, etc.
• load templates and plugins only when they are needed
• control in what phase a plugin is loaded to avoid negatively impacting performances if it is not needed immediately

Technical Requirements

• plugins and templates should use the same logic to reduce code duplication
• plugins and templates should re-use the block loading approach to load both JS and CSS files, if applicable
• plugins should offer a way to "override" core methods, for instance to add icon spriting on top of regular icon decoration
• developers should be able to decide where exactly in each phase the plugins are run so they can control pre/post behavior according to the project needs
• performance impact should be negligible
• plugins and templates should offer a minimal API on the window.hlx.* namespace
• the system should help in making plugins and templates easier to unit test (using mostly pure functions)

Proposal

Introduce 2 new namespaces on window.hlx.*:

• window.hlx.templates
  • add(id, url): register a new template
  • get(id): get the template
  • includes(id): check if a template exists
• window.hlx.plugins
  • add(id, config): add a new plugin
  • get(id): get the plugin
  • includes(id): check if a plugin exists
  • load(phase): load all plugins for the current phase (eager, lazy or delayed)
  • run(method): runs the specified method on the plugins (loadEager, loadLazy or loadDelayed)

Plugins and templates would follow the same API:

• export default function init(document, options): logic executed immediately when the plugin/template is loaded
• export function loadEager(document, options): logic executed in the eager phase
• export function loadLazy(document, options): logic executed in the lazy phase
• export function loadDelayed(document, options): logic executed in the delayed phase

where this is set to an execution context that contains most lib-franklin.js helper functions, so we can reduce imports in the plugins (makes it easier to mock in tests, and also avoids dependency cycles).

Or the slightly more verbose version below for arrow functions:

• export default (document, options, context) => {}
• export const loadEager = (document, options, context) => {}
• export const loadLazy = (document, options, context) => {}
• export const loadDelayed = (document, options, context) => {}

ℹ️ All those exports are optional and are only executed if present.

Extracting a new loadModule(name, cssPath, jsPath, args) method that both the loadBlock and the new plugin system use.

Usage

Adding Templates

Add a new template to the project:

window.hlx.templates.add('foo', '/templates/foo.js');

or the shorthand version:

window.hlx.templates.add('/templates/bar.js');

or the bulk version:

window.hlx.templates.add([
  '/templates/bar.js',
  '/templates/baz.js'
]);

or the the module approach that loads both js and css:

window.hlx.templates.add('/templates/bar');
// loads both /templates/bar/bar.css and /templates/bar/bar.js

Adding Plugins

Add a new inline plugin to the project:

window.hlx.plugins.add('inline-plugin-baz', {
  condition: () => true, // if defined, the condition is evaluated before running any code in the plugin
  loadEager: () => { … },
  loadLazy: () => { … },
  loadDelayed: () => { … },
});

Add a regular plugin to the project that will always load (no condition):

window.hlx.plugins.add('plugin-qux', { url: '/plugins/qux/src/index.js' });

or the module approach that loads both js and CSS:

window.hlx.plugins.add('plugin-qux', { url: '/plugins/qux' });

or the shorthand version:

window.hlx.plugins.add('/plugins/qux');

Add a plugin that only loads in the lazy phase and also passes some additional options:

window.hlx.plugins.add('plugin-qux', {
  url: '/plugins/qux/src/index.js',
  load: 'lazy', // can be `eager`, `lazy` or `delayed`. defaults to `eager` if omitted
  options: { corge: 'grault' },
});

Once plugins have been loaded via window.hlx.plugins.load(phase), we can then run individual methods as required via window.hlx.plugins.run('loadEager'), etc.

Plugin Template

/plugins/qux.js

// document: to keep it consistent with the loadEager in the scripts.js file
// options: additional options passed to the plugin when it was added
// context: passes a plugin context which gives access to the main lib-franklin.js APIs and avoids cyclic dependencies
//          it also turns all of those into pure functions that are easier to unit test
export default (document, options, context) => {
  console.log('plugin qux: init', options, context);
};

export const loadEager = (document, options, context) => {
  console.log('plugin qux: eager', options, context);
};

export const loadLazy = (document, options, context) => {
  console.log('plugin qux: lazy', options, context);
};

export const loadDelayed = (document, options, context) => {
  console.log('plugin qux: delayed', options, context);
};

When using proper functions, the this variable is set to the context, so we can ignore the last parameter. This is mostly for backward compatibility with existing approaches that were passing it down that way until now, but also offers a slightly shorter API.
Or with proper functions:
/plugins/qux.js

// document: to keep it consistent with the loadEager in the scripts.js file
// options: additional options passed to the plugin when it was added
// context: passes a plugin context which gives access to the main lib-franklin.js APIs and avoids cyclic dependencies
//          it also turns all of those into pure functions that are easier to unit test
export default function init(document, options, context) {
  console.log('plugin qux: init', options, context);
};

export function loadEager(document, options, context) {
  console.log('plugin qux: eager', options, context);
};

export function loadLazy(document, options, context) {
  console.log('plugin qux: lazy', options, context);
};

export function loadDelayed(document, options, context) {
  console.log('plugin qux: delayed', options, context);
};

Examples

A barebone demo site built for this PR:

• https://github.com/ramboz/helix-plugins-demo/blob/main/scripts/scripts.js#L18-L49
• https://main--helix-plugins-demo--ramboz.hlx.page/

We have a few sites that are being instrumented with this:

• feat: adding the experience decisioning plugin to handle experiments, audiences and campaigns hlxsites/wknd#31
• feat: add plugin system and experimentation plugin to the site helix-website#405
• https://github.com/pfizer/libraryfranklinpfizer/pull/267
• https://github.com/hlxsites/petplace/pull/316
• https://github.com/BambooHR/bamboohr-website/pull/602
• feat: add the plugin system to the project hlxsites/bitdefender#398
• feat: add the plugin system to the project hlxsites/danaher-ls-aem#307
• feat: add the plugin system to the project hlxsites/mammotome#559
• feat: add the plugin system to the project hlxsites/moleculardevices#1263
• https://github.com/hlxsites/maidenform/pull/646
• feat: add the plugin system to the project hlxsites/24petwatch-crosswalk#7

We also do have a few plugins that already follow this API:

• https://github.com/adobe/aem-experimentation
• https://github.com/adobe/aem-rum-conversion
• https://github.com/adobe/aem-martech-loader

As well as a few template mechanisms that could leverage it:

• https://github.com/hlxsites/panera/blob/94c980384caf25cf45848982e1b1b4fe433b41f8/scripts/scripts.js#L76-L80
• https://github.com/hlxsites/vg-macktrucks-com/blob/032be707c746aa121a2c0efa3f529f3c1770532f/scripts/scripts.js#L284C16-L308

Those could all be aligned on a consistent system.

Test URLs:

• Before: https://main--helix-project-boilerplate--adobe.hlx.page/
• After: https://main--helix-plugins-demo--ramboz.hlx.page/

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[chicharr]

This plugin system is great, and much needed.
It provides a formal way to introduce add-ons to Franklin/EDS, in an optimal, easy, and non-intrusive way.
There are many features that would benefit from it:

• experimentation
• rum conversion tracking
• Martech integration (neutrino)
• omnivore
• etc...

[chicharr]

is it worth to use .call?
It feels a bit strange to have methods which are defined in aem-lib (or lib-franklin) in the this object of a plugin function.

[ramboz]

The idea behind it was:

• simplify imports and given immediate access to all "core" functions
• allow for "overriding" core functions by modifying the context if needed, as opposed to imports which are read-only (think icons decoration via svg spriting for instance that could replace the regular decorateIcons)
• simplify unit testing, since you don't have to inject mocked dependencies anymore

[chicharr]

I was thinking that plugins could register themselves, instead of being explicitly registered in the scripts.js as suggested in the docs. What do you think?

[ramboz]

For a plugin to register itself, it means we need to load the plugin unconditionally and then let it decide itself if it triggers or not. I think this goes against the performance-first paradigm.

If you have a hefty preview overlay plugin for instance, and the plugin registers itself, that means you have to load a large JS file just to see the plugin not activate when the conditions aren't met (i.e. not preview, and likely lazy loaded)

[ramboz]

@davidnuescheler @rofe @kptdobe @fkakatie Would love to have your thoughts on the current proposal to see how to fine-tune this.

[kptdobe]

The current is:

• we agree on the current architecture proposal
• @ramboz and team will adjust their plugins to this architecture and deploy the whole thing to 3 projects
• if everything works as expected, we'll work on the final PR: still requires to explose this PR in 2 pieces, one for https://github.com/adobe/aem-boilerplate, and one for https://github.com/adobe/lib-aem

[ramboz]

And we also agreed to remove the this context hack on proper functions in favor of a more consistent use of the context last parameter on the main exports

[ramboz]

[WIP] Follow-up PRs:

• feat: add minimal plugin system aem-lib#23
• feat: add the plugin system to the project #275

[rofe]

@ramboz any update on this?

[ramboz]

@rofe We've tried it on a dozen websites so far, and it's working fine. But I remember discussions with @trieloff to try to simplify this and leverage more the CustomEvent API. This would also align better with how the RUM library has evolved.
I'm planning on having a revised proposal accordingly… but it's not exactly at the top of my priority list at the moment.

[ramboz]

Closing in favor of #374