[FLINK-34516] Move CheckpointingMode to flink-core #17

Job	Run time
Pre-compile Checks / Basic QA	6m 33s
Default (Java 8) / Compile	11m 41s
Default (Java 8) / E2E (group 1)	1h 42m 29s
Default (Java 8) / Test packaging/licensing	31m 37s
Default (Java 8) / E2E (group 2)	1h 57m 54s
Default (Java 8) / Test (module: core)	35m 35s
Default (Java 8) / Test (module: python)	30m 10s
Default (Java 8) / Test (module: table)	57m 46s
Default (Java 8) / Test (module: connect)	18m 3s
Default (Java 8) / Test (module: tests)	44m 56s
Default (Java 8) / Test (module: misc)	44m 42s
	8h 21m 26s

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