cargo: point `repository` metadata to clonable URLs #2758

Job	Run time
build (1.73.0, thumbv7em-none-eabi)	39s
build (1.73.0, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	39s
build (stable, thumbv7em-none-eabi)	27s
test (1.73.0)	30s
test (stable)	23s
build (stable, wasm32-unknown-unknown)	1m 8s
test (nightly)	30s
minimal-versions	0s
	4m 16s

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