Auto merge of #107782 - Zoxc:worker-local, r=cjgillot

Move the WorkerLocal type from the rustc-rayon fork into rustc_data_structures

This PR moves the definition of the `WorkerLocal` type from `rustc-rayon` into `rustc_data_structures`. This is enabled by the introduction of the `Registry` type which allows you to group up threads to be used by `WorkerLocal` which is basically just an array with an per thread index. The `Registry` type mirrors the one in Rayon and each Rayon worker thread is also registered with the new `Registry`. Safety for `WorkerLocal` is ensured by having it keep a reference to the registry and checking on each access that we're still on the group of threads associated with the registry used to construct it.

Accessing a `WorkerLocal` is micro-optimized due to it being hot since it's used for most arena allocations.

Performance is slightly improved for the parallel compiler:
<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Benchmark</td><td colspan="1"><b>Before</b></th><td colspan="2"><b>After</b></th></tr><tr><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">Time</td><td align="right">%</th></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>clap</b>:check</td><td align="right">1.9992s</td><td align="right">1.9949s</td><td align="right"> -0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>hyper</b>:check</td><td align="right">0.2977s</td><td align="right">0.2970s</td><td align="right"> -0.22%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>regex</b>:check</td><td align="right">1.1335s</td><td align="right">1.1315s</td><td align="right"> -0.18%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syn</b>:check</td><td align="right">1.8235s</td><td align="right">1.8171s</td><td align="right"> -0.35%</td></tr><tr><td>🟣 <b>syntex_syntax</b>:check</td><td align="right">6.9047s</td><td align="right">6.8930s</td><td align="right"> -0.17%</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td align="right">12.1586s</td><td align="right">12.1336s</td><td align="right"> -0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>Summary</td><td align="right">1.0000s</td><td align="right">0.9977s</td><td align="right"> -0.23%</td></tr></table>

cc `@SparrowLii`