improve documentation on JS runtimes (#354)

best_practices/code_quality.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Code Quality
 
-Ways to improve code quality are in the [Code quality](https://book.the-turing-way.org//reproducible-research/code-quality.html) chapter on the Turing Way.
+Ways to improve code quality are in the [Code quality](https://book.the-turing-way.org/reproducible-research/code-quality.html) chapter on the Turing Way.
 
 There are [online software quality improvement tools](https://book.the-turing-way.org/reproducible-research/code-quality/code-quality-style.html#online-services-providing-software-quality-checks) see the [language guides](/language_guides/languages_overview.md) for good options per language.
 

index.html

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
   <meta name="description" content="Description">
   <meta name="viewport"
     content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
-    <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/themes/vue.css">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/themes/vue.css">
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles.css">
 </head>
 
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
       relativePath: true
     }
   </script>
-  <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/docsify.min.js" data-ga="UA-55088238-8"></script>
-  <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/plugins/search.min.js"></script>
-  <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/plugins/ga.min.js"></script>
-  <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs/components/prism-bash.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/docsify.min.js" data-ga="UA-55088238-8"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/plugins/search.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify/lib/plugins/ga.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs/components/prism-bash.min.js"></script>
 </body>
 
 </html>

language_guides/javascript.md

@@ -63,21 +63,47 @@ To create a Vue.js application use [Vue CLI](https://cli.vuejs.org/).
 
 [TypeScript Vue Starter](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript-Vue-Starter#typescript-vue-starter) is a guide to write Vue applications in TypeScript.
 
-# JavaScript outside browser
+# JavaScript outside of the browser
 
-Most JavaScript is run in web browsers, but
-JavaScript can also be run on outside browsers with [Node.js](https://nodejs.org).
+Most JavaScript is run in web browsers, but if you want to run it outside of a browser (e.g. as a server or to run a script locally), you'll need a JavaScript *runtime*. These are the main runtimes available:
 
-On Ubuntu (18.04) based systems, you can use the following commands to install Node.js:
+* [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) is the most used runtime, mainly for being the only available runtime for a long time. This gives the advantage that there is a lot of documentation available (official and unofficial, e.g. forums) and that many tools are available for Node.js. It comes with a [package manager (npm)](https://www.npmjs.com/) that allows you to install packages from a huge library. Its installation instructions can be found [here](https://nodejs.org/en/learn/getting-started/how-to-install-nodejs).
+* [Deno](https://deno.com/) can be seen as a successor to Node.js and tries to improve on it in a few ways, most notably:
+  * [built-in support](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/fundamentals/typescript/) for TypeScript
+  * a better [security model](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/fundamentals/typescript/)
+  * built-in tooling, like a [linter and formatter](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/fundamentals/linting_and_formatting/)
+  * [compiling](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/cli/compiler/) to standalone executables
+
+Its installation instructions can be found [here](https://docs.deno.com/runtime/getting_started/installation/)
+* [Bun](https://bun.sh/), the youngest runtime of the three. Its focus is on speed, reduced complexity and enhanced developer productivity (read more [here](https://bun.sh/docs)). Just like Deno, it comes with [built-in TypeScript support](https://bun.sh/docs/runtime/typescript), can [compile to standalone executables](https://bun.sh/docs/bundler/executables) and it aims to be fully [compatible with Node.js](https://bun.sh/docs/runtime/nodejs-apis). Its installation instructions can be found [here](https://bun.sh/docs/installation).
 
-```shell
-# system packages (Ubuntu/Debian)
-curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | sudo -E bash -
-sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
-```
+A more comprehensive comparison can be found [in this guide](https://zerotomastery.io/blog/deno-vs-node-vs-bun-comparison-guide/).
+
+## Which runtime to choose?
+
+To answer this question, you should consider what is important for you and your project.
+
+Choose Node.js if:
+
+* you need a stable, mature and a well established runtime with a large community around it;
+* you need to use dependencies that should most likely "just work";
+* you cannot convince the people you work with to install something else;
+* you don't need any particular feature of any of its competitors.
+
+Choose Deno if:
+
+* you want a relatively mature runtime with a lot of features built in;
+* you want out-of-the-box TypeScript support;
+* you like its security model;
+* you want a complete package with a linter and formatter included;
+* you don't mind spending some time if something does not work directly.
+
+Choose Bun if:
 
-Node.js comes with a package manager called [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/).
-The package manager uses https://www.npmjs.com/ as the package repository.
+* you are willing to take a risk using a relatively new runtime;
+* you want out-of-the-box TypeScript support;
+* you want to use one of Bun's particular features;
+* you need maximum performance (though you should benchmark for your use case first and consider using a different programming language).
 
 # Editors and IDEs