Merge pull request #27 from jessicalundquist/main

update to module 1 and 2 and hws

modules/.ipynb_checkpoints/module1-checkpoint.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ## Homework 1
 
-Provide a 1-2 page write-up describing the fluid flow components of an environmental problem or concern. You are free to pick any one you want, except the examples discussed in class. In your write up, please include:
+Provide a 1-2 page write-up describing the fluid flow components of an environmental problem or concern. Please pick as specific a problem as you can (a specific case study). You are free to pick any one you want, except the examples discussed in class. In your write up, please include:
 
 * A description of the key elements of the environmental problem
 

modules/.ipynb_checkpoints/module2-checkpoint.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Download the lab and data files to your computer. Then, upload them to your Jupy
 
 ### Problem 1
 
-On a cold snowy morning the air temperature and dew point of the outside air are both -10°C. If this air is brought indoors and warmed to 20°C with no change in the vapor content, what is the relative humidity of the air inside the home?
+The air temperature outside in the evening is 20 °C, and the humidity is 75%. In the morning, you notice that there is dew on the ground.  Presuming the water vapor content of the air did not significantly change, what was the minimum temperature overnight?
 
 (Note:   You may solve this using a Jupyter notebook following examples in the lab, or you may use a pen/pencil and paper.)
 
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ Three cities have the following temperature (T) and dew point (Td) during a Marc
 
 | city | temperature | dew point temperature |
 | --- | --- |  --- |
-| San Diego, CA | T = 20°C | Td = 14°C |
-| Spokane, WA | T = 14°C | Td = -2°C |
-| Denver, CO | T= 24°C | Td= -10°C |
+| Death Valley, CA | T = 24°C | Td = -4°C |
+| Seattle, WA | T = 11°C | Td = 7°C |
+| Spokane, WA | T = 8°C | Td = 3°C |
+| Taos, NM | T= -1°C | Td= -2°C |
 
 Which city has
 * (a) the highest relative humidity?
@@ -49,9 +50,9 @@ Which city has
 
 
 ### Problem 3 (option 1: choose this if you dislike python)
-The figure below shows environmental temperature data on the west side of a conical mountain.  Suppose the wind is blowing from the west and a parcel of surface air with a temperature of 10°C and a dew point of 2°C begins to rise upward along the western (windward) side of the hill.
+The figure below shows environmental temperature data on the west side of a conical mountain.  Suppose the wind is blowing from the west and a parcel of surface air with a temperature of 11°C and a dew point of 7°C begins to rise upward along the western (windward) side of the hill.
 
-![mountain](data/PS2_Hill.PNG)
+![mountain](data/mtn_lapse_rate.jpg)
 
 * (a) Calculate the environmental lapse rate
 * (b) What type of atmospheric stability does the sounding indicate?
@@ -60,27 +61,22 @@ The figure below shows environmental temperature data on the west side of a coni
 * (e) What is the air temperature and dew point of the rising air at the base of the cloud?
 * (f) What is the air temperature and dew point of the rising air inside the cloud at an elevation of 3000m?
 * (g) At an altitude of 3000m, how does the air temperature inside the cloud compare with the temperature outside the cloud? What type of atmospheric stability does this suggest?
+* (h) Presume that at 3000m, the parcel has reached the top of the mountain, and rained/snowed enough to become a dry air parcel again.  At what lapse rate will the parcel descend to the east of the mountains?
+* (i) What temperature do you expect this air to be when it reaches 1000m on the eastern side?
 
 ### Problem 3 (option 2: choose this if you want to use python)
 Using the jupyterhub, and building off what we learned in lab 2-3, look at the environmental temperature and relative humidity data from the sounding launched in Gothic, Colorado on January 6, 2022. 
 
 * (a) Calculate the environmental lapse rate
 * (b) Assuming the lowest level of the sounding represents the surface temperature and relative humidity, plot the temperature a dry air parcel would have if it were lifted adibatically from that point
 * (c) What is the dew point temperature of the parcel at the surface?
-* (d) Assuming that the dew point temperature decreases with elevationn at a rate of 2 K/km (2°C/km), at what elevation would estimate that a cloud would form?  (Hint:  Plot this line on your graph from Td at the surface with the dry adiabat plotted from T at the surface.)
+* (d) Assuming that the dew point temperature decreases with elevation at a rate of 2 K/km (2°C/km), at what elevation would estimate that a cloud would form?  (Hint:  Plot this line on your graph from Td at the surface with the dry adiabat plotted from T at the surface.)
 * (e) How does this height compare with the base height where a cloud seems to exist in this sounding?
 * (f) How do both of these compare with the base height as estimated from the plot from the ceilometer in the lab?
 * (g) At a height of 5000 m, how does the air temperature estimated from your rising parcel of air compare to the observed air temperature?  What type of atmospheric stability does this suggest?
 
 ### Problem 4
-The sea-level chart (below) is drawn for flows in the Northern Hemisphere.
-
-![surface pressure](data/SurfacePressure.png)
-
-
-* What are the magnitudes and directions (sketch this) of the geostrophic velocities at points A and B?
-
-* Will the actual velocity magnitudes be larger or smaller than these estimates? Why?
+What is the definition of an inversion, and how does it relate to atmospheric stability?  Draw a graph of environmental temperature vs height that is conditionally unstable near the surface but has a strong inversion at a height of 1000 m.  Explain how a non-reactive pollutant released at the surface would mix within this atmosphere for case (a) where the surface is very dry and case (b) where the surface is near saturated (close to 100% relative humidity).  
 
 
 ### Problem 5: Final Presentation Topic Selection

modules/module1.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ## Homework 1
 
-Provide a 1-2 page write-up describing the fluid flow components of an environmental problem or concern. You are free to pick any one you want, except the examples discussed in class. In your write up, please include:
+Provide a 1-2 page write-up describing the fluid flow components of an environmental problem or concern. Please pick as specific a problem as you can (a specific case study). You are free to pick any one you want, except the examples discussed in class. In your write up, please include:
 
 * A description of the key elements of the environmental problem
 

modules/module2.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Download the lab and data files to your computer. Then, upload them to your Jupy
 
 ### Problem 1
 
-On a cold snowy morning the air temperature and dew point of the outside air are both -10°C. If this air is brought indoors and warmed to 20°C with no change in the vapor content, what is the relative humidity of the air inside the home?
+The air temperature outside in the evening is 20 °C, and the humidity is 75%. In the morning, you notice that there is dew on the ground.  Presuming the water vapor content of the air did not significantly change, what was the minimum temperature overnight?
 
 (Note:   You may solve this using a Jupyter notebook following examples in the lab, or you may use a pen/pencil and paper.)
 
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ Three cities have the following temperature (T) and dew point (Td) during a Marc
 
 | city | temperature | dew point temperature |
 | --- | --- |  --- |
-| San Diego, CA | T = 20°C | Td = 14°C |
-| Spokane, WA | T = 14°C | Td = -2°C |
-| Denver, CO | T= 24°C | Td= -10°C |
+| Death Valley, CA | T = 24°C | Td = -4°C |
+| Seattle, WA | T = 11°C | Td = 7°C |
+| Spokane, WA | T = 8°C | Td = 3°C |
+| Taos, NM | T= -1°C | Td= -2°C |
 
 Which city has
 * (a) the highest relative humidity?
@@ -49,9 +50,9 @@ Which city has
 
 
 ### Problem 3 (option 1: choose this if you dislike python)
-The figure below shows environmental temperature data on the west side of a conical mountain.  Suppose the wind is blowing from the west and a parcel of surface air with a temperature of 10°C and a dew point of 2°C begins to rise upward along the western (windward) side of the hill.
+The figure below shows environmental temperature data on the west side of a conical mountain.  Suppose the wind is blowing from the west and a parcel of surface air with a temperature of 11°C and a dew point of 7°C begins to rise upward along the western (windward) side of the hill.
 
-![mountain](data/PS2_Hill.PNG)
+![mountain](data/mtn_lapse_rate.jpg)
 
 * (a) Calculate the environmental lapse rate
 * (b) What type of atmospheric stability does the sounding indicate?
@@ -60,27 +61,22 @@ The figure below shows environmental temperature data on the west side of a coni
 * (e) What is the air temperature and dew point of the rising air at the base of the cloud?
 * (f) What is the air temperature and dew point of the rising air inside the cloud at an elevation of 3000m?
 * (g) At an altitude of 3000m, how does the air temperature inside the cloud compare with the temperature outside the cloud? What type of atmospheric stability does this suggest?
+* (h) Presume that at 3000m, the parcel has reached the top of the mountain, and rained/snowed enough to become a dry air parcel again.  At what lapse rate will the parcel descend to the east of the mountains?
+* (i) What temperature do you expect this air to be when it reaches 1000m on the eastern side?
 
 ### Problem 3 (option 2: choose this if you want to use python)
 Using the jupyterhub, and building off what we learned in lab 2-3, look at the environmental temperature and relative humidity data from the sounding launched in Gothic, Colorado on January 6, 2022. 
 
 * (a) Calculate the environmental lapse rate
 * (b) Assuming the lowest level of the sounding represents the surface temperature and relative humidity, plot the temperature a dry air parcel would have if it were lifted adibatically from that point
 * (c) What is the dew point temperature of the parcel at the surface?
-* (d) Assuming that the dew point temperature decreases with elevationn at a rate of 2 K/km (2°C/km), at what elevation would estimate that a cloud would form?  (Hint:  Plot this line on your graph from Td at the surface with the dry adiabat plotted from T at the surface.)
+* (d) Assuming that the dew point temperature decreases with elevation at a rate of 2 K/km (2°C/km), at what elevation would estimate that a cloud would form?  (Hint:  Plot this line on your graph from Td at the surface with the dry adiabat plotted from T at the surface.)
 * (e) How does this height compare with the base height where a cloud seems to exist in this sounding?
 * (f) How do both of these compare with the base height as estimated from the plot from the ceilometer in the lab?
 * (g) At a height of 5000 m, how does the air temperature estimated from your rising parcel of air compare to the observed air temperature?  What type of atmospheric stability does this suggest?
 
 ### Problem 4
-The sea-level chart (below) is drawn for flows in the Northern Hemisphere.
-
-![surface pressure](data/SurfacePressure.png)
-
-
-* What are the magnitudes and directions (sketch this) of the geostrophic velocities at points A and B?
-
-* Will the actual velocity magnitudes be larger or smaller than these estimates? Why?
+What is the definition of an inversion, and how does it relate to atmospheric stability?  Draw a graph of environmental temperature vs height that is conditionally unstable near the surface but has a strong inversion at a height of 1000 m.  Explain how a non-reactive pollutant released at the surface would mix within this atmosphere for case (a) where the surface is very dry and case (b) where the surface is near saturated (close to 100% relative humidity).  
 
 
 ### Problem 5: Final Presentation Topic Selection

overview/.ipynb_checkpoints/b-project-checkpoint.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Milestones will be due as part of weekly homework assignments.  Completing each
 
 1.	Atmospheric stability (inversions)
 2.	Atmospheric winds (dynamics)
-3.	Moisture in the atmosphere (e.g., thermodynamics, fog, clouds
+3.	Moisture in the atmosphere (e.g., thermodynamics, fog, clouds)
 4.	Orographic precipitation
 5.	Atmospheric pollution (gaussian plume solution to advection/dispersion from a smokestack)
 6.	Atmospheric pollution (airshed box model)

overview/b-project.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Milestones will be due as part of weekly homework assignments.  Completing each
 
 1.	Atmospheric stability (inversions)
 2.	Atmospheric winds (dynamics)
-3.	Moisture in the atmosphere (e.g., thermodynamics, fog, clouds
+3.	Moisture in the atmosphere (e.g., thermodynamics, fog, clouds)
 4.	Orographic precipitation
 5.	Atmospheric pollution (gaussian plume solution to advection/dispersion from a smokestack)
 6.	Atmospheric pollution (airshed box model)