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Minor Readability edits
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Jestopher-BTC authored Jan 14, 2020
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Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ As it is a rather smart construction, one might call it a smart contract.

[NOTE]
====
When someone says they own bitcoin they would usually mean that they know the private key of a bitcoin address that has some unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs).
When someone says they own bitcoin they usually mean that they know the private key of a bitcoin address that has some unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs).
The private key allows the owner to produce a signature for a transaction that spends the bitcoin by sending it to a different address.
Thus, one can define ownership of bitcoin as the ability to spend them.
If you have an unpublished (but signed) transaction from a 2-2 multisignature address where some outputs are sent to an address that you control and additionally you own one of the private keys of the 2-2 multisignature address you effectively own the bitcoin of that output.
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A deep dive into the topics discussed here is presented in chapter 7 of Mastering Bitcoin which can be found at: https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch07.asciidoc.
Also, in case you are not familiar with P2PKH addresses and the basic format and scripting language of Bitcoin, we encourage you to study chapter 6 of Mastering Bitcoin which can be found at: https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch06.asciidoc.
There is also a video on Rene's youtube channel which dissects the Bits and Bytes of a transaction spending from a P2PKH output at: https://youtu.be/1n4g3eYX1UI
There is also a video on Renee's youtube channel which dissects the Bits and Bytes of a transaction spending from a P2PKH output at: https://youtu.be/1n4g3eYX1UI
====

To allow escrow services and complex ownership configurations between several stakeholders, the Bitcoin scripting language provides multisignature addresses.
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==== Funding Transaction
You already learnt that one of the most important building blocks of a payment channel is a 2-2 multisignature address.
To open a payment channel one must send bitcoins to that address.
The Bitcoin transaction - which will be included to the Bitcoin Blockchain - that sends the bitcoin to that 2-2 multisignature address is called the funding transaction.
You already learned that one of the most important building blocks of a payment channel is a 2-of-2 multisignature address.
To open a payment channel, one must send bitcoins to that multisignature address.
The Bitcoin transaction - which will be included in the Bitcoin Blockchain - that sends the bitcoin to that 2-of-2 multisignature address is called the funding transaction.
While there is the possibility for 2 participants of the Lightning Network to open a private payment channel, this transaction will always be publicly visible to the Bitcoin network.
The amount of Bitcoin sent to the multisignature address is called the capacity of the channel.
Two channel partners will never be able to conduct larger payments on that channel than the channel capacity.
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[Note]
====
You will often hear that people complain about bitcoin being locked to the Lightning Network which can't move freely.
This is obviously a lie.
One can use the Bitcoin network to send bitcoin from a P2PKH address as well as sending bitcoin from a 2-2 multisignature address with a P2WSH transaction.
In both cases transfer of ownership might be expensive in bitcoin fees if there is a lot of demand from people to utilize the Bitcoin Network.
However once the Bitcoins are used to open a payment channel they can freely flow within the Lightning Network from one participant to another one.
This is not accurate.
One can use the Bitcoin network to send bitcoin from a P2PKH address as well as sending bitcoin from a 2-of-2 multisignature address with a P2WSH transaction.
In both cases, transfer of ownership might be expensive in bitcoin fees if there is a lot of demand from people to utilize the Bitcoin Network.
However, once the Bitcoins are used to open a payment channel they can freely flow within the Lightning Network from one participant to another.
If a channel partner should not respond, one will always have the chance to fall back to the onchain transactions without the necessity for the channel partner to help to do so.
Due to the potentially high fees and confirmation times, bitcoin on the Bitcoin Network are way more rigid and harder to move than bitcoin on the Lightning Network.
Due to the potentially high fees and confirmation times, bitcoin on the Bitcoin Network are far more rigid and harder to move than bitcoin on the Lightning Network.
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