feat(bloom-filter): add bloom filter reader

[zhongzc]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

#5176

What's changed and what's your intention?

Added BloomFilterReader:

1. Support prefetch when reading meta
2. range_read retained to facilitate cache support

PR Checklist

Please convert it to a draft if some of the following conditions are not met.

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR requires documentation updates.
• API changes are backward compatible.
• Schema or data changes are backward compatible.

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Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)

src/index/src/bloom_filter/reader.rs:36

• Ensure that the new behavior introduced in 'BloomFilterReader' is adequately covered by tests.

pub trait BloomFilterReader {

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 91.27517% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.83%. Comparing base (c6b7caa) to head (09ee958).
Report is 11 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5204      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.04%   83.83%   -0.21%     
==========================================
  Files        1175     1182       +7     
  Lines      219116   219352     +236     
==========================================
- Hits       184152   183903     -249     
- Misses      34964    35449     +485