Payload reCAPTCHA v3 Plugin

Payload reCAPTCHA v3 is a plugin for Payload used to protect collection operations with Google reCAPTCHA v3.

Installation

Please install the plugin version according to the Payload version. The major version of the plugin must match the major version of the Payload.

yarn add payload-recaptcha-v3

npm i payload-recaptcha-v3

pnpm add payload-recaptcha-v3

Configuration

In the plugins property of Payload config, call the plugin with the following options:

import { buildConfig } from 'payload';
import reCAPTCHAv3 from 'payload-recaptcha-v3';

export default buildConfig({
	// ... rest of your config
	plugins: [
		reCAPTCHAv3({
			secret: process.env.GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET!,
		}),
	],
});

Plugin Options

• secret: string Required. Your Google reCAPTCHA v3 secret key.
• errorHandler: reCAPTCHAErrorHandler Optional. See more details
• skip: reCAPTCHASkip Optional. See more details
• scoreThreshold: number Optional. A value between 0 and 1 (default is 0.7). The received score from Google reCAPTCHA must be greater or equal than threshold.

Usage

To protect a collection's operation, you have to add in the Collection Config the property recaptcha into the custom. The recaptcha property has to be an array of strings containing the operation name according to Available Collection operations.

import type { CollectionConfig } from 'payload';

export const Orders: CollectionConfig = {
	slug: 'orders',
	fields: [],
	// ... rest of your config
	custom: {
		recaptcha: [
			{
				name: 'create',
				action: 'submit',
			},
			{
				name: 'update',
				action: 'modify',
			},
		],
	},
};

export default Orders;

Then, when you make an HTTP Request to the Payload API, include the header x-recaptcha-v3 with the token received from Google:

   <script>
      function onClick(e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        grecaptcha.ready(function() {
          grecaptcha.execute('reCAPTCHA_site_key', {action: 'submit'}).then(function(token) {
            fetch('/api/orders', {
              method: 'POST',
              headers: {
                'x-recaptcha-v3': token
              },
              body: JSON.stringify({...})
            })
          });
        });
      }
  </script>

Optionally, you can set a errorHandler or skip as described in Plugin Options in a specific operation.

import type { CollectionConfig } from 'payload';

export const Orders: CollectionConfig = {
	slug: 'orders',
	fields: [],
	// ... rest of your config
	custom: {
		recaptcha: [
			{
				name: 'create',
				action: 'submit',
				errorHandler: (args) => {
					// ...
				},
			},
			{
				name: 'update',
				action: 'modify',
				skip: (args) => {
					// ....
				},
			},
			{
				name: 'delete',
				action: 'delete',
				scoreThreshold: 0.9,
			}
		],
	},
};

export default Orders;

Tests

This plugin uses Playwright for end-to-end testing with Google reCAPTCHA directly. However, there are some steps to test the plugin.

1. Provide DATABASE_URI, RECAPTCHA_SECRET and NEXT_PUBLIC_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY environment variables.
2. Run pnpm build and then pnpm dev:build.
3. Run pnpm test.

Types

reCAPTCHASkip

A callback function that when returns true, it will skip the Google reCAPTCHA verification (for example, when the user is an admin).

The arguments of function are the same of Before Operation Hook.

export type reCAPTCHASkip = (
	args: Parameters<CollectionBeforeOperationHook>[0],
) => boolean;

reCAPTCHAErrorHandler

A callback function that is called when:

• The header x-recaptcha-v3 is not set.
• The fetch request generated an error.
• The response from Google was not a success.
• The response from Google was a success, but for another action.

When the errorHandler options property is not set, it will throw a Forbidden error by default.

export type reCAPTCHAErrorHandler = (args: {
	hookArgs: Parameters<CollectionBeforeOperationHook>[0];
	response?: reCAPTCHAResponse;
	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
	error?: any;
	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
}) => any;

reCAPTCHAResponse

The response received from Google when verifying the token.

Properties

Name	Description
success: boolean	whether this request was a valid reCAPTCHA token for your site
score: number	the score for this request (0.0 - 1.0)
action: string	the action name for this request (important to verify)
challenge_ts: number	timestamp of the challenge load (ISO format yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZZ)
hostname: string	the hostname of the site where the reCAPTCHA was solved
'error-codes'?: reCAPTCHAErrorCode[]	optional

reCAPTCHAErrorCode

Error code	Description
missing-input-secret	The secret parameter is missing.
invalid-input-secret	The secret parameter is invalid or malformed.
missing-input-response	The response parameter is missing.
invalid-input-response	The response parameter is invalid or malformed.
bad-request	The request is invalid or malformed.
timeout-or-duplicate	The response is no longer valid: either is too old or has been used previously.
invalid-keys	The secret key is incorrect.