nvim-training

(13. Fabuaray 2023) This repository is for myself to train nvm, take notes and improve myself as a developer in general.

Nvim

Cheatsheet

Cursor movement normal

learning these helps to not use arrow keys. Can be used with numbers

h - move cursor left 5h
j - move cursor down 5j
k - move cursor up 5k
l - move cursor right `5l``

H - move to top of screen
M - move to middle of screen
L - move to bottom of screen
w - jump forwards to the start of a word
W - jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
e - jump forwards to the end of a word
E - jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
b - jump backwards to the start of a word
B - jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)

0 - jump to the start of the line
^ - jump to the first non-blank character of the line
$ - jump to the end of the line\

gg - go to the first line of the document
G - go to the last line of the document
5gg or 5G - go to line 5
gd - move to local declaration
gD - move to global declaration

} - jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
{ - jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)\

Ctrl + d - move forward 1/2 a screen
Ctrl + u - move back 1/2 a screen\

Insert mode - inserting/appending text

i - insert before the cursor
I - insert at the beginning of the line
a - insert (append) after the cursor
A - insert (append) at the end of the line
o - append (open) a new line below the current line
O - append (open) a new line above the current line
ea - insert (append) at the end of the word
Ctrl + h - delete the character before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + w - delete word before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + j - begin new line during insert mode
Ctrl + t - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
Ctrl + d - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
Ctrl + n - insert (auto-complete) next match before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + p - insert (auto-complete) previous match before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + rx - insert the contents of register x
Ctrl + ox - Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command x.
Esc - exit insert mode\

Editing

r - replace a single character. R - replace more than one character, until ESC is pressed. J - join line below to the current one with one space in between gJ - join line below to the current one without space in between gwip - reflow paragraph g~ - switch case up to motion gu - change to lowercase up to motion gU - change to uppercase up to motion cc - change (replace) entire line c$ or C - change (replace) to the end of the line ciw - change (replace) entire word cw or ce - change (replace) to the end of the word s - delete character and substitute text S - delete line and substitute text (same as cc) xp - transpose two letters (delete and paste) u - undo U - restore (undo) last changed line Ctrl + r - redo . - repeat last command

Marking text (visual mode)

v - start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank) V - start linewise visual mode o - move to other end of marked area Ctrl + v - start visual block mode O - move to other corner of block aw - mark a word ab - a block with () aB - a block with {} at - a block with <> tags ib - inner block with () iB - inner block with {} it - inner block with <> tags Esc - exit visual mode Tip Instead of b or B one can also use ( or { respectively.

Visual commands

> - shift text right
< - shift text left
y - yank (copy) marked text
d - delete marked text
~ - switch case
u - change marked text to lowercase
U - change marked text to uppercase\

Registers

:reg[isters] - show registers content "xy - yank into register x "xp - paste contents of register x "+y - yank into the system clipboard register "+p - paste from the system clipboard register

Cut and paste

yy - yank (copy) a line
2yy - yank (copy) 2 lines
yw - yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
yiw - yank (copy) word under the cursor
yaw - yank (copy) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
y$ or Y - yank (copy) to end of line
p - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
P - put (paste) before cursor
gp - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
gP - put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
dd - delete (cut) a line
2dd - delete (cut) 2 lines
dw - delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
diw - delete (cut) word under the cursor
daw - delete (cut) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
:3,5d - delete lines starting from 3 to 5\

Tip You can also use the following characters to specify the range: e.g.

:.,$d - From the current line to the end of the file
:.,1d - From the current line to the beginning of the file
:10,$d - From the 10th line to the beginning of the file
:g/{pattern}/d - delete all lines containing pattern
:g!/{pattern}/d - delete all lines not containing pattern
d$ or D - delete (cut) to the end of the line
x - delete (cut) character\

Indent text

>> - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth
<< - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth
>% - indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
<% - de-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
>ib - indent inner block with ()
>at - indent a block with <> tags
3== - re-indent 3 lines
=% - re-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
=iB - re-indent inner block with {}
gg=G - re-indent entire buffer
]p - paste and adjust indent to current line\

Exiting

:w - write (save) the file, but don't exit
:w !sudo tee % - write out the current file using sudo
:wq or :x or ZZ - write (save) and quit
:q - quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
:q! or ZQ - quit and throw away unsaved changes
:wqa - write (save) and quit on all tabs\

Search and replace

/pattern - search for pattern
?pattern - search backward for pattern
\vpattern - 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
n - repeat search in same direction
N - repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g - replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc - replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
:noh[lsearch] - remove highlighting of search matches\

Search in multiple files

:vim[grep] /pattern/ {`{file}`} - search for pattern in multiple files

e.g. :vim[grep] /foo/ **/*
:cn[ext] - jump to the next match
:cp[revious] - jump to the previous match
:cope[n] - open a window containing the list of matches
:ccl[ose] - close the quickfix window\

Tabs

:tabnew or :tabnew {page.words.file} - open a file in a new tab Ctrl + wT - move the current split window into its own tab gt or :tabn[ext] - move to the next tab gT or :tabp[revious] - move to the previous tab #gt - move to tab number # :tabm[ove] # - move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0) :tabc[lose] - close the current tab and all its windows :tabo[nly] - close all tabs except for the current one :tabdo command - run the command on all tabs (e.g. :tabdo q - closes all opened tabs)

Working with multiple files

:e[dit] file - edit a file in a new buffer :bn[ext] - go to the next buffer :bp[revious] - go to the previous buffer :bd[elete] - delete a buffer (close a file) :b[uffer]# - go to a buffer by index # :b[uffer] file - go to a buffer by file :ls or :buffers - list all open buffers :sp[lit] file - open a file in a new buffer and split window :vs[plit] file - open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window :vert[ical] ba[ll] - edit all buffers as vertical windows :tab ba[ll] - edit all buffers as tabs Ctrl + ws - split window Ctrl + wv - split window vertically Ctrl + ww - switch windows Ctrl + wq - quit a window Ctrl + wx - exchange current window with next one Ctrl + w= - make all windows equal height & width Ctrl + wh - move cursor to the left window (vertical split) Ctrl + wl - move cursor to the right window (vertical split) Ctrl + wj - move cursor to the window below (horizontal split) Ctrl + wk - move cursor to the window above (horizontal split) Ctrl + wH - make current window full height at far left (leftmost vertical window) Ctrl + wL - make current window full height at far right (rightmost vertical window) Ctrl + wJ - make current window full width at the very bottom (bottommost horizontal window) Ctrl + wK - make current window full width at the very top (topmost horizontal window)

Diff

zf - manually define a fold up to motion zd - delete fold under the cursor za - toggle fold under the cursor zo - open fold under the cursor zc - close fold under the cursor zr - reduce (open) all folds by one level zm - fold more (close) all folds by one level zi - toggle folding functionality ]c - jump to start of next change [c - jump to start of previous change do or :diffg[et] - obtain (get) difference (from other buffer) dp or :diffpu[t] - put difference (to other buffer) :diffthis - make current window part of diff :dif[fupdate] - update differences :diffo[ff] - switch off diff mode for current window