This project uses GPT-3 Codex to convert natural language commands into commands in PowerShell, Z shell and Bash.
The Command Line Interface (CLI) was the first major User Interface we used to interact with machines. It's incredibly powerful, you can do almost anything with a CLI, but it requires the user to express their intent extremely precisely. The user needs to know the language of the computer.
With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly those that have been trained on code, it's possible to interact with a CLI using Natural Language (NL). In effect, these models understand natural language and code well enough that they can translate from one to another.
This project aims to offer a cross-shell NL->Code experience to allow users to interact with their favorite CLI using NL. The user enters a command, like "what's my IP address", hits Ctrl + G and gets a suggestion for a command idiomatic to the shell they're using. The project uses the GPT-3 Codex model off-the-shelf, meaning the model has not been explicitly trained for the task. Instead we rely on a discipline called prompt engineering (see section below) to coax the right commands from Codex.
Note: The model can still make mistakes! Don't run a command if you don't understand it. If you're not sure what a command does, hit Ctrl + C to cancel it.
This project took technical inspiration from the zsh_codex project, extending its functionality to span multiple shells and to customize the prompts passed to the model (see prompt engineering section below).
This repository aims to grow the understanding of using Codex in applications by providing an example of implementation and references to support the Microsoft Build conference in 2022. It is not intended to be a released product. Therefore, this repository is not for discussing OpenAI API or requesting new features.
- Python 3.7.1+
- [Windows]: Python is added to PATH.
- An OpenAI account
- OpenAI API Key.
- OpenAI Organization Id. If you have multiple organizations, please update your default organization to the one that has access to codex engines before getting the organization Id.
- OpenAI Engine Id. It provides access to a model. For example,
code-davinci-002orcode-cushman-001. See here for checking available engines.
Please follow the installation instructions for PowerShell, bash or zsh from here.
Once configured for your shell of preference, you can use the Codex CLI by writing a comment (starting with #) into your shell, and then hitting Ctrl + G.
The Codex CLI supports two primary modes: single-turn and multi-turn.
By default, multi-turn mode is off. It can be toggled on and off using the # start multi-turn and # stop multi-turn commands.
If the multi-turn mode is on, the Codex CLI will "remember" past interactions with the model, allowing you to refer back to previous actions and entities. If, for example, you asked the Codex CLI to change your time zone to mountain, and then said "change it back to pacific", the model would have the context from the previous interaction to know that "it" is the user's timezone:
# change my timezone to mountain
tzutil /s "Mountain Standard Time"
# change it back to pacific
tzutil /s "Pacific Standard Time"The tool creates a current_context.txt file that keeps track of past interactions, and passes them to the model on each subsequent command.
When multi-turn mode is off, this tool will not keep track of interaction history. There are tradeoffs to using multi-turn mode - though it enables compelling context resolution, it also increases overhead. If, for example, the model produces the wrong script for the job, the user will want to remove that from the context, otherwise future conversation turns will be more likely to produce the wrong script again. With multi-turn mode off, the model will behave completely deterministically - the same command will always produce the same output.
Any time the model seems to output consistently incorrect commands, you can use the # stop multi-turn command to stop the model from remembering past interactions and load in your default context. Alternatively, the # default context command does the same while preserving the multi-turn mode as on.
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
start multi-turn |
Starts a multi-turn experience |
stop multi-turn |
Stops a multi-turn experience and loads default context |
load context <filename> |
Loads the context file from contexts folder |
default context |
Loads default shell context |
view context |
Opens the context file in a text editor |
save context <filename> |
Saves the context file to contexts folder, if name not specified, uses current date-time |
show config |
Shows the current configuration of your interaction with the model |
set <config-key> <config-value> |
Sets the configuration of your interaction with the model |
Feel free to improve your experience by changing the token limit, engine id and temperature using the set command. For example, # set engine cushman-codex, # set temperature 0.5, # set max_tokens 50.
This project uses a discipline called prompt engineering to coax GPT-3 Codex to generate commands from natural language. Specifically, we pass the model a series of examples of NL->Commands, to give it a sense of the kind of code it should be writing, and also to nudge it towards generating commands idiomatic to the shell you're using. These examples live in the contexts directory. See snippet from the PowerShell context below:
# what's the weather in New York?
(Invoke-WebRequest -uri "wttr.in/NewYork").Content
# make a git ignore with node modules and src in it
"node_modules
src" | Out-File .gitignore
# open it in notepad
notepad .gitignoreNote that this project models natural language commands as comments, and provide examples of the kind of PowerShell scripts we expect the model to write. These examples include single line completions, multi-line completions, and multi-turn completions (the "open it in notepad" example refers to the .gitignore file generated on the previous turn).
When a user enters a new command (say "what's my IP address"), we simple append that command onto the context (as a comment) and ask Codex to generate the code that should follow it. Having seen the examples above, Codex will know that it should write a short PowerShell script that satisfies the comment.
This project comes pre-loaded with contexts for each shell, along with some bonus contexts with other capabilities. Beyond these, you can build your own contexts to coax other behaviors out of the model. For example, if you want the Codex CLI to produce Kubernetes scripts, you can create a new context with examples of commands and the kubectl script the model might produce:
# make a K8s cluster IP called my-cs running on 5678:8080
kubectl create service clusterip my-cs --tcp=5678:8080Add your context to the contexts folder and run load context <filename> to load it. You can also change the default context from to your context file inside src\prompt_file.py.
Note that Codex will often produce correct scripts without any examples. Having been trained on a large corpus of code, it frequently knows how to produce specific commands. That said, building your own contexts helps coax the specific kind of script you're looking for - whether it's long or short, whether it declares variables or not, whether it refers back to previous commands, etc. You can also provide examples of your own CLI commands and scripts, to show Codex other tools it should consider using.
One important thing to consider is that if you add a new context, keep the multi-turn mode on to avoid our automatic defaulting (which was added to keep faulty contexts from breaking your experience).
We have added a cognitive services context which uses the cognitive services API to provide text to speech type responses as an example.
Use DEBUG_MODE to use a terminal input instead of the stdin and debug the code. This is useful when adding new commands and understanding why the tool is unresponsive.
Sometimes the openai package will throws errors that aren't caught by the tool, you can add a catch block at the end of codex_query.py for that exception and print a custom error message.
You might have access to different OpenAI engines per OpenAI organization. To check what engines are available to you, one can query the List engines API for available engines. See the following commands:
-
Shell
curl https://api.openai.com/v1/engines \ -H 'Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY' \ -H 'OpenAI-Organization: YOUR_ORG_ID' -
PowerShell
PowerShell v5 (The default one comes with Windows)
(Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://api.openai.com/v1/engines -Headers @{"Authorization" = "Bearer YOUR_API_KEY"; "OpenAI-Organization" = "YOUR_ORG_ID"}).Content
PowerShell v7
(Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://api.openai.com/v1/engines -Authentication Bearer -Token (ConvertTo-SecureString "YOUR_API_KEY" -AsPlainText -Force) -Headers @{"OpenAI-Organization" = "YOUR_ORG_ID"}).Content
The sample code can be currently be used with Codex on OpenAI’s API. In the coming months, the sample will be updated so you can also use it with the Azure OpenAI Service.