This section provides Elisp snippets and examples about Emacs API to help developers find what they need quickly.
> (concat "hello" " world")
"hello world"
> (concat "hello" " world" " elisp ")
"hello world elisp "
> (apply #'concat '("hello" " world " " elisp "))
"hello world elisp "
(defun join (sep lst)
(mapconcat 'identity lst sep))
ELISP> (join "," '("1.232" "300" "500"))
"1.232,300,500"
ELISP> (join ", " '("1.232" "300" "500"))
"1.232, 300, 500"> (split-string "100,200,300,400" ",")
("100" "200" "300" "400")
> (split-string (getenv "PATH") ":")
("/usr/local/sbin" "/usr/local/bin" "/usr/bin" ...)
> (split-string-and-unquote "/bin/app -x -y -z \"/home/user/some name with space/etc\" -k cmd ")
("/bin/app" "-x" "-y" "-z" "/home/user/some name with space/etc" "-k" "cmd")
Source: Init file - www.svjatoslav.eu
(defun align-to-colon (begin end)
"Align region to colon (:) signs"
(interactive "r")
(align-regexp begin end
(rx (group (zero-or-more (syntax whitespace))) ":") 1 1 ))
(defun align-to-comma (begin end)
"Align region to comma signs"
(interactive "r")
(align-regexp begin end
(rx "," (group (zero-or-more (syntax whitespace))) ) 1 1 ))
(defun align-to-equals (begin end)
"Align region to equal signs"
(interactive "r")
(align-regexp begin end
(rx (group (zero-or-more (syntax whitespace))) "=") 1 1 ))
(defun align-to-hash (begin end)
"Align region to hash ( => ) signs"
(interactive "r")
(align-regexp begin end
(rx (group (zero-or-more (syntax whitespace))) "=>") 1 1 ))
;; work with this
(defun align-to-comma-before (begin end)
"Align region to equal signs"
(interactive "r")
(align-regexp begin end
(rx (group (zero-or-more (syntax whitespace))) ",") 1 1 ))From: jidaikobo-shibata/join-multi-lines-to-one.el
(defun join-multi-lines-to-one ()
"Join multi lines."
(interactive)
(let ((beg (region-beginning))
(end (region-end))
strings)
(goto-char beg)
(back-to-indentation)
(setq beg (point))
(goto-char end)
(goto-char (- (point) 1))
(end-of-line)
(setq end (point))
(setq strings (buffer-substring-no-properties beg end))
(setq strings (replace-regexp-in-string "\n\\|^>+ *\\|^[\t ]+" " " strings))
(setq strings (replace-regexp-in-string " +" " " strings))
(delete-region beg end)
(insert strings)
(goto-char beg)));; Exaluate with M-x eval-print-last-sexp
> (read "(mapc (lambda (p) (insert p) (insert \"\n\"))
(buffer-list))
")
(mapc (lambda (p) (insert p) (insert "
")) (buffer-list))
> (read "(+ 1 2 3 4)")
(+ 1 2 3 4)
> (eval (read "(+ 1 2 3 4)" ))
10
> (eval '(+ 1 2 3 4))
10(defun clipboard/set (astring)
"Copy a string to clipboard"
(with-temp-buffer
(insert astring)
(clipboard-kill-region (point-min) (point-max))))(defun clipboard/get ()
"Return the content of clipboard as string"
(interactive)
(with-temp-buffer
(clipboard-yank)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))))(defun buffer/copy-file-name ()
(interactive)
(clipboard/set (buffer-file-name)))
;; Eval using M-x eval-print-last-sexp
;;
> (buffer/copy-file-name)
nil
> (insert (clipboard/get))
/home/arch/projects/emacs/Emacs_Snippets.org
(defun buffer/copy-path ()
(interactive)
(clipboard/set (file-name-directory (buffer-file-name)))
(message "Copied file path to clipboard"))
;; Eval using M-x eval-print-last-sexp
;;
> (buffer/copy-path)
"Copied file path to clipboard"
> (clipboard/get)
"/home/arch/projects/emacs/"(defun buffer/copy-content ()
"Copy buffer content to clibpoard
Usage: M-x buffer/copy-content"
(interactive)
(clipboard/set
(buffer-substring-no-properties
(point-min)
(point-max)
)))Load an elisp source file *.el.
(load-file "~/.emacs.d/tools.el")Load an byte-compiled (*.elc) elisp file.
(load-file "~/.emacs.d/tools.elc")(defun load-dir (path)
"
Load all elisp files (*.el) of a directory
Usage: (load-dir <path>)
Example: (load-dir \"~/.emacs.d/custom\")
"
(mapc #'load (directory-files path t "\\.el$")))It adds a directory containing Emacs packages (<package name>.el) to
the load path. The user can load packages by adding the code (require '<package>)
to the file init.el.
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/custom")
;; package -> ~/.emacs.d/custom/package.el
;;
(require 'package)This function switches and crates the scratch buffer if it doesn’t exist or was deleted. Usage: M-x scratch.
(defun scratch ()
"
Switches to scratch buffer and creates
it if it doesn't exist.
Usage: M-x scratch
This function is useful to Elisp developers.
Suggestion:
Add (defalias 's #'scratch) to the init file.
You can switch to the scratch buffer with > M-x s
"
(interactive)
(let ((buf (get-buffer-create "*scratch*")))
(switch-to-buffer buf)
(lisp-interaction-mode)
))
(defalias 's #'scratch)
It only works on Linux and requires Xclip to be installed, but with a few changes can be tweaked to work in another Os.
ELISP> (defun eval-string (str) (eval (read str)))
eval-string
ELISP> (defun eval-xclip () (eval-string (shell-command-to-string "xclip -o")))
eval-xclip
;;
;; Copy the following line in this comment block
;;
;; (message "Loading my copypaste file...")
ELISP> (eval-xclip)
"Loading my copypaste file..."
ELISP>
Source: Generate emacs-lisp documentation Primitives:
ELISP>
ELISP> (defun sample-function (a b c)
"Function Docstring"
(+ a (* 5 b) (* 3 c)))
;; Extract Documentation
;;
ELISP> (documentation 'sample-function)
"Function Docstring"
;; Extract Code
;;
ELISP> (symbol-function 'sample-function)
(lambda
(a b c)
"Function Docstring"
(+ a
(* 5 b)
(* 3 c)))
;; Extract Arguments
ELISP> (help-function-arglist 'sample-function)
(a b c)Final Code
(fun2org 'sample-function)
"** sample-function (a b c)\nFunction Docstring\n\n#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp\n(lambda (a b c) \"Function Docstring\" (+ a (* 5 b) (* 3 c)))\n#+END_SRC\n"
ELISP>
ELISP> (defun fun2org (function-symbol)
(let ((args (help-function-arglist function-symbol))
(doc (documentation function-symbol))
(code (symbol-function function-symbol)))
(print (format "** %s %s
%s
%S
" function-symbol args doc code)))) ;; End of fun2orgELISP> (fun2org 'sample-function)
"** sample-function (a b c)
Function Docstring
(lambda (a b c) \"Function Docstring\" (+ a (* 5 b) (* 3 c)))
"(describe-function 'find-file-noselect) (require 'cl)
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (+ (* 10 acc) x)) '(1 2 3 4 5 6) :initial-value 0)
123456 (#o361100, #x1e240)
(require 'cl)
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (and acc x)) '(t nil t t t f) :initial-value t)
nil
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (and acc x)) '(t t t t t f) :initial-value t)
f
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (and acc x)) '(t t t t t t) :initial-value t)
t
(defun all-p (bool-list)
"Tests if all values of bool-list are true (not nil)"
(cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (and acc x)) bool-list :initial-value t))
ELISP> (all-p '(t t t))
t
ELISP> (all-p '(t nil t))
nilELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (and acc x)) '(t t t t t t) :initial-value t)
t
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (or acc x)) '(t t t t t t) :initial-value nil)
t
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (or acc x)) '(nil nil nil t t nil) :initial-value nil)
t
ELISP> (cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (or acc x)) '(nil nil nil nil nil nil) :initial-value nil)
nil
ELISP> ()
(defun some-p (bool-list)
"Tests if at least one value bool-list is true (not nil)"
(cl-reduce (lambda (acc x) (or acc x)) bool-list :initial-value nil))
ELISP> (some-p '(t t t t))
t
ELISP> (some-p '(nil t nil nil))
t
ELISP> (some-p '(nil nil nil nil))
nil
(save-buffer)(kill-buffer <buffer-object or buffer-name>)Example: Delete buffer named Elisp_Snippets.org
(kill-buffer "Elisp_Snippets.org")Example: Delete all buffers:
(mapc #'kill-buffer (buffer-list))Returns the content of a buffer referencend by its name or the buffer object.
(defun buffer-content (&optional buffer-or-name)
(with-current-buffer (if buffer-or-name buffer-or-name (current-buffer))
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max) )))Returns the selected text of the current buffer.
(defun get-selection ()
"Get the text selected in current buffer as string"
(interactive)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (region-beginning) (region-end)))This function creates a Python scratch buffer like elisp *scratch*
which allows the user to play with Python without creating any
file. It is possible to run
It can be easily changed to work with other languages like ruby by replacing python-mode to ruby-mode.
Python Scratch buffer
Usage: M-x python/scratch
(defun python/scratch ()
(interactive)
(let (
;; Creates a new buffer object.
(buf (get-buffer-create "*python-scratch*"))
)
;; Executes functions that would change the current buffer at
;; buffer buf
(with-current-buffer buf
;;; Set the new buffer to scratch mode
(python-mode)
;;; Pop to scratch buffer
(pop-to-buffer buf)
)))Shell (bash, sh) scratch buffer
Usage: M-x sh/scratch
(defun sh/scratch ()
(interactive)
(let (
;; Creates a new buffer object.
(buf (get-buffer-create "*sh-scratch*"))
)
;; Executes functions that would change the current buffer at
;; buffer buf
(with-current-buffer buf
;;; Set the new buffer to scratch mode
(sh-mode)
;;; Pop to scratch buffer
(pop-to-buffer buf)
)))Get all current buffer’s local variables
(buffer-local-variables) ;; Evalute with M-x eval-print-last-sexpOutput:
((cursor-type . bar)
(buffer-display-time 22711 20278 987330 737000)
(buffer-display-count . 4)
(buffer-invisibility-spec
(org-babel-hide-hash . t)
(org-babel-hide-hash . t)
(org-babel-hide-hash . t)
(org-babel-hide-hash . t)
(org-babel-hide-result . t)
(org-hide-block . t)
(org-cwidth) (org-link) (outline . t) t)
(buffer-file-truename . "~/Documents/projects/emacs/Elisp_Snippets.org") (point-before-scroll)
(buffer-auto-save-file-format . t)
(buffer-file-format) (buffer-file-coding-system . utf-8-unix)
(enable-multibyte-characters . t)
(mark-active)
(overwrite-mode) ...)Get all local variables of a buffer.
(buffer-local-variables <buffer-name>)(buffer-local-value VARIABLE BUFFER)Get current buffer major-mode:
> (buffer-local-value 'major-mode (current-buffer))
org-mode
Function append to file: Append buffer’s region content to file.
(append-to-file <point-min> <point-max> <file-name>)Append current buffer content to file. If the file doesn’t exist, it will be created. Otherwise the buffer content will be appended to the end of the file.
(append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) "/tmp/afile.txt")Append a specific buffer content to file.
(with-current-buffer "my-buffer-name"
(append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) "/tmp/afile.txt"));; Delete file if exists in order to overwrite it.
(if (file-exists-p filename)
(delete-file file))
;; Append buffer content to file.
(append-to-file (point-min) (point-max) filename))(revert-buffer t t t)| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| read-string | Read input as string |
| read-file-name | Read input as file name |
| read-directory-name | Read input as path to directory |
| read-regexp | Read input as regular expression |
| read-passwd | Read password |
| read-shell-command | Read a shell command. |
| read-command | Read an M-x elisp command returning a symbol. |
| read-envvar-name | Read environment variable |
| read-key | Read a key from the keyboard. |
| read-key-sequence | Read a sequence of keystrokes and return as a string or vector. |
| read-number | Read a numeric value |
| read-regexp | Read regular expression returning it as string. |
> (read-string "prompt > ") ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"user enter some string in minibuffer"Ask the user for a string and insert in the buffer
> (insert (concat "\n" (read-string " prompt > " ))) ;; M-x eval-last-sexp
user enter a message in the minibufferReads a file name from the user and gives auto completion. Enter tab to autocomplete the file name.
> (read-file-name "Enter a file name: ") ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"/etc/fstab"Opens a prompt that asks for the path in the minibuffer with completion and inserts the path at the current point.
- Usage: M-x insert-path
(defun insert-path ()
"
Opens a prompt that asks for the path
in the minibuffer with completion
and inserts the path at the current
point.
Usage: M-x insert-path
"
(interactive)
(insert (read-file-name "file > ")))> (read-directory-name "Enter a directory: ") ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"/var/log"Display a message at the bottom of the screen.
(message "A message to the user")
Display a message, in a dialog box if possible. If a dialog box is not available, use the echo area.
(message-box "Emacs Alert. Time to drink a coffee!")
Show a tooltip
(tooltip-show "An Emacs tooltip")file:images/emacs_show_tooltip.png
[C-h-f] <name of function>
- shell-command
- async-shell-command
- start-process
- call-process
- shell-command-to-string
- shell-command-on-region
- getenv
- setenv
In order to Emacs find where applications such as ruby shell, scala compiler and tools are installed it is necessary to the PATH environment variable contain the path to the directories which contains those applications.
Copy this command below to the scratch buffer and enter M-x eval-print-last-last-sexp.
(getenv "PATH")
"/home/archbox/opt/scala/bin:/usr/bin:/bin: ..." (defun show-path-variable ()
(interactive)
;; Create a new buffer to display results to user
(switch-to-buffer (get-buffer-create "*path-variable*"))
;; Clear buffer
(delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
;; save cursor position
(save-excursion
(mapc (lambda (p) (insert (concat p "\n")))
(split-string (getenv "PATH")
;; Get path separator (;) for Windows
;; and (:) for Unix-like systems.
(if (equal system-type 'windows/nt)
";"
":"
)))))By running this command M-x show-path-varible it will print all paths in the $PATH variable in a new buffer a easy way to read:
/home/archbox/opt/scala-2.11.8/bin
/home/archbox/opt/jdk1.8.0_74/bin/
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/usr/lib/jvm/default/bin
/usr/bin/site_perl
/usr/bin/vendor_perl
/usr/bin/core_perl
/home/archbox/opt/java/bin
/home/archbox/opt/scala-2.11.8/bin/
It will add the directory: ~/opt/scala/bin to the $PATH
variable. Before run the code below when the user runs
M-x async-shell-command scala it will shows an error message
like this:
/bin/bash: scala: command not found
Note: The character ‘:’ is the separator for Unix-like OS (Linux/ BSD and OSX) and ‘;’ is the separator for Windows.
;; Add single directory
(setenv "PATH"
(concat
(expand-file-name "~/opt/scala/bin") ":"
(getenv "PATH")))
;; Add multiple directories
(setenv "PATH"
(concat
(expand-file-name "~/opt/scala/bin") ":"
(expand-file-name "~/opt/jdk1.8.0_20/bin/") ":"
"/Applications/haste-compiler/bin/" ":"
(getenv "PATH")))After it is done the Scala REPL will look like the picture below:
(defun add-to-path-var (&rest pathlist)
(let* ((path-sep (if (equal system-type 'windows/nt)
";" ;; Windows separator
":" ;; Unix separator
)))
(setenv "PATH" (concat (apply #'concat
(mapcar
(lambda (path)
(concat (expand-file-name path)
path-sep))
pathlist))
(getenv "PATH")))))Usage example:
(add-to-path-var "~/opt/scala/bin" "~/opt/jdk1.8.0_20/bin/")Alternative way:
Use the function locally without pollute the namespace.
(require 'cl)
(cl-flet
((add-to-path-var
(&rest pathlist)
(let* ((path-sep (if (equal system-type 'windows/nt)
";" ;; Windows separator
":" ;; Unix separator
)))
(setenv "PATH"
(concat (apply #'concat
(mapcar
(lambda (path)
(concat (expand-file-name path)
path-sep))
pathlist))
(getenv "PATH"))))))
;; Add paths to be added to PATH variable here,
(add-to-path-var
"~/opt/scala/bin"
"~/opt/jdk1.8.0_20/bin/"
))(shell-command "uname -a") ;; M-x eval-last-sexp
Display PCI cards in another frame.
(with-selected-frame (make-frame)
(shell-command "lspci"))> (shell-command-to-string "uname -a") ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"Linux localhost 4.7.0-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Aug 8 22:05:58 CEST 2016 x86_64 GNU/Linux
"
> (insert (format "\nKernel version %s " (shell-command-to-string "uname -r"))) ;; M-x eval-last-sexp
Kernel version 4.7.0-1-ARCH
nil
(defun insert-debug-info ()
(interactive)
(insert (concat "Kernel version : ") (shell-command-to-string "uname -r"))
(insert (concat "Linux distribution : ") (shell-command-to-string "cat /etc/issue"))
(insert (concat "Gcc version :") (shell-command-to-string "gcc --version | grep GCC"))
)
;; M-x insert-debug-info
Kernel version : 4.7.0-1-ARCH
Linux distribution : Arch Linux \r (\l)
Gcc version :gcc (GCC) 6.1.1 20160802The function shell-command-to-lines runs a shell command and returns the output lines. This function is useful to create shell command wrappers over Unix shell commands like find.
(defun shell-command-to-lines (command)
(remove-if-not (lambda (s) (/= (length s) 0))
(split-string
(shell-command-to-string command) "\n")))
ELISP> (mapc #'princ (shell-command-to-lines "ls /var/log"))
btmpfailloghttpdjournallastlogoldpacman.logsambaspeech-dispatcherwtmpXorg.0.logXorg.0.log.old
("btmp" "faillog" "httpd" "journal" "lastlog" "old" "pacman.log" "samba" "speech-dispatcher" "wtmp" "Xorg.0.log" "Xorg.0.log.old")
ELISP> (mapc (lambda (p) (princ p) (princ "\n")) (shell-command-to-lines "ls /var/log"))
btmp
faillog
httpd
journal
lastlog
old
pacman.log
samba
speech-dispatcher
wtmp
Xorg.0.log
Xorg.0.log.old
Example: Shell command wrapper find
ELISP> (mapc (lambda (p) (princ p) (princ "\n")) (shell-command-to-lines "find ~/.local/share/ -name \"*.desktop\""))
/home/arch/.local/share/xfce4/helpers/custom-WebBrowser.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-mono-IAJQMY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-sh-9VFBMY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-em-FLD8LY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-mpv-FLQ9LY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-Firefox-SOBHMY.desktop
(defun search-files (directory pattern)
(shell-command-to-lines
(format "find %s -name '%s'"
directory
pattern)))
ELISP> (search-files "~/.local" "*.desktop") ;; Output changed to fit in the screen
("/home/arch/.local/share/xfce4/helpers/custom-WebBrowser.desktop"
"/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-mono-IAJQMY.desktop"
"/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-sh-9VFBMY.desktop"
"/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-em-FLD8LY.desktop"
...
)
ELISP> (mapc (lambda (p) (princ p) (princ "\n")) (search-files "~/.local" "*.desktop"))
/home/arch/.local/share/xfce4/helpers/custom-WebBrowser.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-mono-IAJQMY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-sh-9VFBMY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-em-FLD8LY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-mpv-FLQ9LY.desktop
/home/arch/.local/share/applications/userapp-Firefox-SOBHMY.desktop
Pipes the buffer content to external command and print the output in
the buffer *Shell Command Output*. The command $ wc -l counts the
number of line of the current file.
> (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) "wc -l") ;; M-x eval-last-sexpPipes the buffer content to external command $wc -l and get the
output as a string.
> (with-output-to-string ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
(shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) "wc -l"))
""
(defun pipe-region-to-command (pmin pmax command)
(interactive)
(shell-command-on-region
pmin
pmax
command
"*shell-output*")
(let ((output
(with-current-buffer "*shell-output*"
(buffer-substring-no-properties
(point-min)
(point-max)))))
(kill-buffer "*shell-output*")
output
))
> (pipe-region-to-command (point-min) (point-max) "wc -l") ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"1515
"The command below will pipe the buffer *scratch* to the command $
sed 's/foo.*/bar/g' which replaces all values of foo for bar.
(with-current-buffer "*scratch*"
(shell-command-on-region
(point-min)
(point-max) "sed 's/foo.*/bar/g'" "*shell-output*" t )) ;; M-x eval-last-sexpBefore the form evaluation
After the form evaluation.
Usage: M-x shell-command-on-buffer Enter: sed ‘s/defun/defn/g’ eplaces all defun words by defn.
(defun shell-command-on-buffer (&optional command)
"Apply a shell command in the current buffer and replace it by the command output.
Example:
- Interactive usage: M-x shell-command-on-buffer Enter: sed 's/defun/defn/g'.
replaces all defun words by defn.
- (shell-command-on-buffer \"sed 's/defun/defn/g'\")"
(interactive)
(shell-command-on-region (point-min)
(point-max)
(if command command (read-string "Cmd on buffer: "))
"*shell-output*"
t
))Enter M-x shell-command-on-buffer and then $ ruby -ne ‘printf(“-%6s%s”, $., $_)’
ruby -ne 'printf("-%6s%s", $., $_)'Before running the command:
After running the command:
This function applies a ruby batch command on the buffer.
See also: Ruby One-Liners
(defun ruby-on-buffer (&optional command)
"Applies a ruby command on buffer
Example: The command will number each line of the current buffer.
1. M-x ruby-on-buffer
2. type: 'printf(\"%6s%s\", $., $_)' without quotes."
(interactive)
(shell-command-on-buffer
(format "ruby -ne '%s'"
(if command
command
(read-string "ruby cmd >")))))
Emacs regexp islimited and doesn’t have lookahead like perl or ruby regex. This command can extend the functionality of Emacs regex using ruby. This function applies a ruby regex on the buffer.
Usage: M-x ruby-gsub-on-buffer
See also: Ruby One-Liners
(defun ruby-gsub-on-buffer (&optional regexp)
"Applies ruby regex, the command $ ruby -pe 'gsub(regexp)' on the current buffer.
Usage M-x ruby-gsub-on-buffer
(ruby-gsub-on-buffer <regexp>)
Example: The Command replace all occurrences of 'defun' by 'defn'.
1. M-x ruby-gsub-on-buffer
2. Type /defun/,\"defn\""
(interactive)
(shell-regexp-on-buffer
(format "ruby -pe 'gsub(%s)'"
(if regexp
regexp
(read-string "ruby regex: ")))))Refactoring to a self-contained-code, removing all dependencies.
Example: To remove all numbers in at beggining of line run:
M-x replace-regex-ruby /^\d\d?/,""
(defun replace-regexp-ruby (&optional regexp)
"Replace ruby-gsub on buffer same as replace-regexp, but with ruby regex.
Usage M-x ruby-gsub-on-buffer
(ruby-gsub-on-buffer <regexp>)
Example: The Command replace all occurrences of 'defun' by 'defn'.
1. M-x ruby-gsub-on-buffer
2. Type /defun/,\"defn\""
(interactive)
(shell-command-on-region (point-min)
(point-max)
(format "ruby -pe 'gsub(%s)'"
(if regexp
regexp
(read-string "ruby regex: ")))
"*shell-output*"
t
))(start-process NAME BUFFER PROGRAM &rest PROGRAM-ARGS
Usage: M-x ping-host or (ping-host <hostname>)
(defun ping-host (&optional hostname)
"Ping a hostname.
Usage:
- Interactive: M-x ping-host
- Command: (ping-host <hostname>)
Examples:
(ping-host \"www.google.com\")
(ping-host \"192.168.0.1\")"
(interactive)
(let ((hostname-
(if hostname
hostname
(read-string "host to ping: "))))
(start-process "ping" "*ping*" "ping" hostname-)
(switch-to-buffer-other-frame "*ping*")))
file:images/emacs_shell_ping_hostname.png
(defun traceroute-host (&optional hostname)
"Run traceroute command to test connection.
Usage:
- Interactive: M-x traceroute-host [Enter the hostname]
- Command: (traceroute-host <hostname>)
Example: (traceroute-host \"www.yahoo.co.uk\")."
(interactive)
(let ((hostname- (if hostname
hostname
(read-string "host to traceroute: "))))
(start-process "traceroute" "*traceroute*" "traceroute" hostname-)
(switch-to-buffer-other-frame "*traceroute*")))Run linux htop (task manager) inside Emacs:
(term "htop") ;; C-x C-e or M-x eval-last-sexp
Some Linux ncurses-based applications like Htop, Top, Nmtui (Network
Manager’s terminal UI) doesn’t work well running in Emacs terminal
emulator M-x term or M-x ansi-term. The solution is run the
command from Emacs and send to an external terminal emulator.
Read a command in launch in terminal
This command uses xfce4-terminal but it can be changed to any other terminal emulator.
(defun run-terminal ()
"Launch application in a terminal emulator."
(interactive)
(start-process
"termx"
nil
;; Change this for your terminal.
"xfce4-terminal" "-e" (read-shell-command "Shell: ")))Launch specific commands
(defun shell-command-in-terminal (command)
(start-process
"termx"
nil
;; Change this for your terminal.
"xfce4-terminal" "-e" command))To launch htop:
(shell-command-in-terminal "htop")To launch nmtui:
(shell-command-in-terminal "nmtui")Command M-x htop to launch htop.
(defun htop ()
"Launch htop task manager."
(interactive)
(shell-command-in-terminal "htop"))This command asks the user a shell command providing tab completion and launches an asynchronous process (it doesn’t freeze Emacs). Unlike asynchronous-shell-command this command doesn’t create a new buffer. It is useful to launch desktop GUI applications from Emacs like Firefox, terminal emulator, file mangers and so on.
Note: In order to this command find the app the directory of the app must be in the $PATH variable.
(defun shell-launch ()
"Launch a process without creating a buffer. It is useful to launch apps from Emacs."
(interactive)
(let* ((cmd-raw (read-shell-command "Launch command: "))
(cmd-args (split-string-and-unquote cmd-raw))
(cmd (car cmd-args)) ;; program that will run
(args (cdr cmd-args))) ;; command arguments
(apply #'start-process `(,cmd
nil
,cmd ,@args
))))This comamnd can be bound to a keybiding with the code bellow that bidns the key combination SUPER (Windows Key) + 8.
(global-set-key (kbd "s-8") #'shell-launch)- M-x shell/buffer-repl This command deletes all other windows and splits the current frame into two windows one containing a M-x shell (bash) repl and the other a shell-script scratch buffer (sh-mode).
- M-x shell/buffer-repl-frame Like the shell/buffer-repl, but shell and the scratch buffer are displayed in new frame.
(defun shell/buffer-repl ()
"Create "
(interactive)
(delete-other-windows)
;; Split window vertically
(split-window-right)
;;; Run shell (bash on Linux)
(shell)
;;; Creates a scratch-shell buffer on other half of window
(let ((buf (get-buffer-create "*shell-buffer*")))
(with-current-buffer buf
(sh-mode)
(pop-to-buffer buf))))
(defun shell/buffer-repl-frame ()
(interactive)
(with-selected-frame (make-frame)
(shell/buffer-repl)))This functions are useful to send regions, lines and regions to M-x shell repl
from a shell-buffer or shell scratch buffer to the repl.
(defun shell/send-region ()
"Send selected text to M-x shell repl."
(interactive)
(comint-send-region (get-buffer-process "*shell*" )
(region-beginning) (region-end))
(comint-send-string (get-buffer-process "*shell*" ) "\n"))
(defun shell/insert-region ()
"Insert selected text into M-x shell repl and run it."
(interactive)
(let ((text (buffer-substring-no-properties (region-beginning)
(region-end)
)))
(with-current-buffer "*shell*"
(insert text)
(comint-send-input)
)))
(defun shell/send-line ()
"Send current line to M-x shell repl."
(interactive)
(comint-send-region (get-buffer-process "*shell*")
(line-beginning-position)
(line-end-position)
)
(comint-send-string (get-buffer-process "*shell*" ) "\n"))
(defun shell/insert-line ()
"Insert current line to M-x shell repl."
(interactive)
(let ((line (buffer-substring-no-properties
(line-beginning-position)
(line-end-position)
)))
(with-current-buffer "*shell*"
(insert line)
(comint-send-input)
)))
(defun shell/execute-line ()
"Execute current line as shell command."
(interactive)
(shell-command
(buffer-substring (line-beginning-position)
(line-end-position))))
(defun shell/execute-region ()
"Execute current region as shell command."
(interactive)
(shell-command
(buffer-substring (region-beginning)
(region-end))))
(defun shell/insert-buffer ()
"Insert all buffer content into M-x shell repl and run it."
(interactive)
(let ((text (buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min)
(point-max)
)))
(with-current-buffer "*shell*"
(insert text)
(comint-send-input)
)))Example:
- User runs M-x shell/buffer-repl-frame. It will open a frame like in the picture bellow.
- User select the region with some code and runs M-x shell/insert-region. It will send the current region to the shell repl and display the output, in this case the content of root directory.
This command is similar to emacs M-x compile, however it expands ‘%f’ to the buffer file name, ‘%n’ to buffer base name and ‘%d’ to buffer directory.
Example: if the current buffer is associated to the file /home/arch/scripts/gui1.scala and the user types the command M-x compile2 followed by the command below.
$ scalac %f -d app-%n.jar && scala app-%n.jar
Emacs will run M-x compile with:
$ scalac gui1.scala -d app-gui1.jar && scala scala app-gui1.jar
The advantage of this command is that user doesn’t need to type the file name to be compiled.
(setq compile2-command-history "")
(defun compile2 ()
"Enhanced compilation command.
- %f - is expanded to current buffer file name.
- %d - is expanded to current buffer current directory.
- %n - is expanded to current buffer base name.
Example: if the current buffer is associated to the file.
- /home/arch/scripts/gui1.scala
If the user enter the command:
$ scalac %f -d app-%n.jar && scala app-%n.jar
It will run M-x compile with:
$ scalac gui1.scala -d app-gui1.jar && scala scala app-gui1.jar"
(interactive)
(let* ((file (buffer-file-name))
(cmd (read-shell-command "cmd> " compile2-command-history))
(cmd1 (replace-regexp-in-string "%f" (file-name-nondirectory file) cmd))
(cmd2 (replace-regexp-in-string "%n" (file-name-base file) cmd1))
(cmd3 (replace-regexp-in-string "%d" (file-name-directory file) cmd2)))
(setq compile2-command-history cmd)
(save-buffer)
(compile cmd3)))Usage: When the user run the command M-x cpp/compile-run-buffer at
the current buffer (file code1.cpp) it will compile and run this file
running the command $ g++ code1.cpp -o code1.bin && ./code1.bin.
(defun cpp/compile-run-buffer ()
"Compile and run current c++ buffer (single-file C++ code).
Usage: By running M-x cpp/compile-buffer-run at current buffer (file code1.cpp)
will run $ g++ code1.cpp -o code1.bin && ./code1.bin"
(interactive)
(let* ((file-name (file-name-nondirectory (buffer-file-name)))
;; Change file name extension to .bin
(output (concat (file-name-base file-name) ".bin")))
(save-buffer)
(compile (format "g++ %s -o %s && ./%s"
file-name
output
output
))))Usage: In dired mode mode, place the cursor at the file to be compiled and run M-x cpp/compile-run-dired.
(defun cpp/compile-run-dired ()
"Compile single c++ file at point in dired mode.
Usage: Position the cursor at the file to be compiled and
run M-x cpp/compile-dired."
(interactive)
(let* ((file-name (file-name-nondirectory (dired-file-name-at-point)))
;; Change file name extension to .bin
(output (concat (file-name-base file-name) ".bin")))
(save-buffer)
(compile (format "g++ %s -o %s && ./%s"
file-name
output
output
))))
> (file-exists-p "/var/log/pacman.log") ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
t
> (file-exists-p "/var/log/pcaman.log.err")
nil
;;
> (file-exists-p "/var/log")
t
;;
> (file-exists-p "/var/log-dont-exists")
nil
ELISP> (expand-file-name "~")
"/home/arch"
ELISP> (expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/init.el")
"/home/arch/.emacs.d/init.el"
ELISP> (expand-file-name ".")
"/home/arch/projects/emacs"
The Emacs API doesn’t provide a straightforward way to read file directly to a string. The only way to perform this taks is using a temporary buffer.
(defun read-file (filename)
(with-temp-buffer
(insert-file-contents filename)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))))
ELISP> (read-file "/etc/host.conf")
"#\n# /etc/host.conf\n#\n\norder hosts,bind\nmulti on\n\n# End of file\n"
ELISP> (princ (read-file "/etc/host.conf"))
#
# /etc/host.conf
#
order hosts,bind
multi on
# End of file
> (find-file "/etc/fstab")(find-file-other-window "/etc/fstab")(find-file-other-frame "/etc/fstab")Function: find-file-nonselect
Emacs Documentation: Read file FILENAME into a buffer and return the buffer.If a buffer exists visiting FILENAME, return that one, but verify that the file has not changed since visited or saved. The buffer is not selected, just returned to the caller.
Open a file and returns a buffer:
> (setq b1 (find-file-noselect "~/.bashrc"))
#<buffer .bashrc>
> b1
#<buffer .bashrc>
(defun open-as-root (filename)
(interactive)
(find-file (concat "/sudo:root@localhost:" filename)))
;; Example:
;; ELISP> (open-as-root "/etc/host.conf")
;;
;;
;; Open an already opened buffer as root
;;
;; M-x open-buffer-as-root
;;
(defun open-buffer-as-root ()
(interactive)
(let
(
;; Get the current buffer file name
(filename (buffer-file-name (current-buffer)))
;; Get the current file name
(bufname (buffer-name (current-buffer)))
)
(progn
(kill-buffer bufname) ;; Kill current buffer
(open-as-root filename)))) ;; Open File as root
ELISP> (buffer-file-name)
"/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el"
ELISP>ELISP> (file-name-nondirectory "/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el")
"init.el"
ELISP>Transform file name to name without path and extension.
ELISP> (file-name-base "/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el")
"init"
ELISP>Get the directory that contais a file.
ELISP> (file-name-directory "/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el")
"/home/archbox/.emacs.d/"
ELISP>ELISP> (expand-file-name ".")
"/home/archbox/.emacs.d"
ELISP> (expand-file-name "./init.el")
"/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el"
ELISP>
ELISP> (expand-file-name "~")
"/home/archbox"
ELISP> (expand-file-name "~/.bashrc")
"/home/archbox/.bashrc"
ELISP>Example: It will replace the extension of file name init.el to init.py. Note: it will not modify the file.
ELISP>
(let ((file "/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el"))
(concat (file-name-directory file)
(file-name-base file)
".py"
))
"/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.py"
ELISP>or
(defun file-replace-extension (ext file)
(concat (file-name-directory file)
(file-name-base file)
ext
))
ELISP> (file-replace-extension ".py" "/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.el")
"/home/archbox/.emacs.d/init.py"
ELISP>(dired "/var/log")(dired-other-window "/var/log")(dired-other-frame "/var/log")
Get directory content
ELISP> (directory-files "/var/log")
("." ".." "Xorg.0.log" "Xorg.0.log.old" ... )Print the directory content in elisp shell IEML.
ELISP> (mapc #'(lambda (p) (princ (concat "\n" p)))
(directory-files "/var/log") )
.
..
Xorg.0.log
Xorg.0.log.old
btmp
faillog
httpd
journal
lastlog
old
pacman.log
samba
speech-dispatcher
wtmpGet directory content with absolute file name.
ELISP> (directory-files "/var/log" t)
("/var/log/." "/var/log/.." "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" "/var/log/Xorg.0.log.old" ... )
ELISP> (mapc #'(lambda (p) (princ (concat "\n" p)))
(directory-files "/var/log" t ))
/var/log/.
/var/log/..
/var/log/Xorg.0.log
/var/log/Xorg.0.log.old
/var/log/btmp
...List files of a specific extension:
;; Files ending with *.conf
ELISP> (directory-files "/etc/" nil "\\.conf")
("asound.conf" "dhcpcd.conf" "fuse.conf" "gai.conf" ...)
ELISP> (directory-files "/etc/" t "\\.conf")
("/etc/asound.conf" "/etc/dhcpcd.conf" "/etc/fuse.conf" ...)
ELISP> (directory-files "/etc/" t "\\.cfg")
("/etc/rc_maps.cfg" "/etc/vdpau_wrapper.cfg")
ELISP> (directory-files "/etc/" nil "\\.cfg")
("rc_maps.cfg" "vdpau_wrapper.cfg")
The dired mode is the mode used by Emacs to browser directories.
See also: How do you customize dired?
Source: hiroina/.emacs
- Copy path of file at point.
(defun dired-copy-path ()
"In dired, copy file path to kill-buffer.
At 2nd time it copy current directory to kill-buffer."
(interactive)
(let (path)
(setq path (dired-file-name-at-point))
(if (string= path (current-kill 0 1)) (setq path (dired-current-directory)))
(message path)
(kill-new path)))This command pastes a file which path is stored in clibpoard.
Usage:
- Copy file from clibpoard with Emacs or from system’s default file manager.
- M-x dired-paste-file-from-clipboard
(defun dired-paste-file-from-clipboard ()
"Paste a file from clpboard to current directory."
(interactive)
(flet ((clipboard-get ()
(with-temp-buffer
(clipboard-yank)
(buffer-substring-no-properties
(point-min)
(point-max)))))
(copy-file (clipboard-get) ".")
(revert-buffer)))- Create empty file at current directory opened in dired mode.
(defun dired-touch ()
"Creates empty file at current directory."
(interactive)
(append-to-file "" nil (read-string "New file: "))
(if (equal major-mode 'dired-mode)
(revert-buffer)))(defun dired-open-files (files)
"Open all marked files in dired mode with m.
Usage:
1. Mark the files with m
2. M-x dired-open-files"
(interactive
(list (dired-get-marked-files)) )
(mapc #'find-file files))(setq lexical-binding t)
(defun compose (fn1 fn2)
(let ((lexical-binding t))
(lambda (x)
(funcall fn2 (funcall fn1 x)))))
(defun dired-close-files (files)
(interactive (list (dired-get-marked-files)) )
(mapc (compose #'get-file-buffer #'kill-buffer) files))Usage. Select a file in dired mode and enter M-x dired-xdg
Function: xdg-open. Open any file with system’s default application.
(defun xdg-open (filename)
"Open a file FILENAME with default system application.
This function is operating system independent."
(cl-case system-type
;;; Linux
(gnu/linux (let ((process-connection-type nil))
(start-process
"proc"
nil
;; Command
"xdg-open" (expand-file-name filename))))
;;; Free BSD OS
(gnu/kfreebsd (let ((process-connection-type nil))
(start-process
"proc"
nil
;; Command
"xdg-open" (expand-file-name filename))))
;; Mac OSX - (Not tested )
(darwing (start-process
"proc"
nil
;; Command
"open" (concat (expand-file-name filename))))
;; Windows 7, 8, 10 - Kernel NT
(windows-nt (start-process
"proc"
nil
;; Command
"cmd" "/C" "start" "" (expand-file-name filename)
))))Function: dired-xdg
(defun dired-xdg ()
"Open file at point with systems' default app.
Usage: In the dired mode select a file and type M-x dired-xdg
to execute the file with the system default app.
"
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer
(xdg-open (dired-get-filename))))(defun dired-close-all ()
"Close all dired buffers."
(interactive)
(mapc (lambda (buf)
(if (equal (buffer-local-value 'major-mode buf)
'dired-mode)
(kill-buffer buf)))
(buffer-list)))The function M-x dired-bookmarks opens a helm menu where the user
can select its favorites directories. It provides quick directory
navigation.
(defvar dired-bookmarks-path-list
'("~"
"~/Desktop"
"~/Downloads"
"~/Documents"
"~/Documents/projects"
"~/Documents/wiki"
"/tmp"
;"/mnt/transfer"
"/var/log"
"/etc"
"/etc/init.d"
"~/.config"
"~/.local"
"~/.local/share"
"~/.emacs.d"
))
(defun dired-bookmarks ()
"Open a directory by selecting it in Helm menu."
(interactive)
(helm
:prompt "Bookmarks: "
:sources `((
(name . "Bookmark: ")
(candidates . dired-bookmarks-path-list)
(action . dired)
))))Usage:
- M-x dired/filter-extension
- Enter the extensions to filter separated by space like: ‘html js ccp’
- It will only show files matching this extensions. To view all files type g.
(defun dired/filter-extension ()
"Filter dired buffer by file extensions.
Usage:
1. M-x dired/filter-extension
2. Enter the file extensions separated by space like: exe dll
It will only show files ending with extensions *.exe and *.dll.
To show all files of dired buffer again type 'g'."
(interactive)
(dired-mark-files-regexp
(mapconcat 'identity
(mapcar (lambda (ext) (format "\\.%s$" ext))
(split-string (read-string "Extension: ")))
"\\\|"
))
(dired-toggle-marks)
(dired-do-kill-lines))
The key (‘) quote can be used to invoke this command:
;; Filter files by extension
(define-key dired-mode-map "'" #'dired/filter-extension)This command only displays files matching the given regex (Emacs’ regex).
Example: By entering M-x dired/filter ‘.pdf$’ without quotes it will only show file names ending with .pdf. To display all files again type ‘g’.
(defun dired/filter ()
"Show only files which name matches a regex."
(interactive)
(dired-mark-files-regexp (read-regexp "Regex: "))
(dired-toggle-marks)
(dired-do-kill-lines))(defun dired-exec-explorer ()
"In dired, execute Explorer"
(interactive)
(let (path)
(setq path (dired-file-name-at-point))
(setq path (replace-regexp-in-string "~" "c:/home" path))
(setq path (replace-regexp-in-string "/" "\\\\" path))
(message path)
;(kill-new path)
(start-process "explorer" nil "explorer" (concat "/select," path))))
References:
Format date and time:
ELISP> (format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d")
"2017-07-15"
ELISP> (format-time-string "%Y%m%d")
"20170715"
ELISP>Unix time stamp (Number of seconds or microseconds since January first of 1970):
ELISP> (format-time-string "%s")
"1500103484"
ELISP>ELISP> (current-time)
(22889 50074 486018 948000)ELISP> (current-time-string)
"Sat Jul 15 04:26:27 2017"
ELISP>ELISP> (float-time)
1500103652.678849
ELISP>ELISP> (current-time-zone)
(-10800 "-03")
ELISP>ELISP> user-init-file
"/home/arch/.emacs.d/init.el"
ELISP> (expand-file-name user-init-file)
"/home/arch/.emacs.d/init.el"ELISP> user-emacs-directory
"~/.emacs.d/"
ELISP> (expand-file-name user-emacs-directory)
"/home/arch/.emacs.d/"The variable window-system is the name of window system through which the selected frame is displayed.
Its value is a symbol:
- nil for a termcap frame (a character-only terminal)
- ‘x’ for an Emacs frame that is really an X window
- ‘w32’ for an Emacs frame that is a window on MS-Windows display
- ‘ns’ for an Emacs frame on a GNUstep or Macintosh Cocoa display
- ‘pc’ for a direct-write MS-DOS frame.
(defun test-window-system ()
(interactive)
(if window-system
(message "Running in Window System / GUI")
(message "Running in terminal ")
))
;; In GUI
;;-----------------------------
> (test-window-system) ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"Running in Window System / GUI"
;; In Terminal
;;------------------------------
> (test-window-system) ;; M-x eval-print-last-sexp
"Running in terminal "Open http://www.yandex.com in the web browser
> (browse-url "http://www.yandex.com")Function to open Yandex.com. Usage M-x open-yandex
(defun open-yandex ()
"Open the web site http://www.yandex.com."
(interactive)
(browse-url "http://www.yandex.com"))Open url with firefox
(let ((browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-firefox))
(browse-url "http://www.yandex.com"))
;; Or
;; Set browser permanently
(setq browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-firefox)Open url with chromium browser or chrome
(let ((browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-chromium))
(browse-url "http://www.yandex.com"))
;;; Or
;; Set browser permanently
(setq browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-chromium)Open url with Emacs eww browser
(let ((browse-url-browser-function 'eww-browse-url))
(browse-url "http://www.yandex.com")
;;; Or
;; Set browser permanently
(setq browse-url-browser-function 'eww-browse-url)Usage: M-x search-google
(require 'url-util)
(defun search-google ()
(interactive)
"Search www.google.ca."
(browse-url
(format "http://www.google.ca?gws_rd=ssl#q=%s"
(url-encode-url
(read-string "Google: ")))))
Usage:
- M-x search-hackernews-with-google
- M-x search-reddit-with-google
- M-x search-stackoverflow-with-gooogle
Usage: M-x search-google
(require 'url-util)
(defun search-google-url (url params)
(let ((google-url (format "site:%s %s" url params)))
(browse-url (format "http://www.google.ca?gws_rd=ssl#q=%s" (url-encode-url google-url)))))
(search-google-url "https://news.ycombinator.com" "haskell production")
(defun search-hackernews-with-google ()
(interactive)
(search-google-url "https://news.ycombinator.com" (read-string "Hnews: ")))
(defun search-reddit-with-google ()
(interactive)
(search-google-url "https://www.reddit.com" (read-string "Reddit: ")))
(defun search-stackoverflow-with-google ()
(interactive)
(search-google-url "http://stackoverflow.com" (read-string "S.O Search: ")))(require 'url-util)
(defun search-github ()
(interactive)
"Search www.google.ca"
(browse-url
(format "https://github.com/search?q=%s"
(url-encode-url
(read-string "Github Search: ")))))(require 'url-util)
(defun search-gisthub ()
"Search gisthub : http://gist.github.com.
Usage: M-x search-gisthub"
(interactive)
(browse-url
(format "https://gist.github.com/search?p=50&q=%s&ref=searchresults"
(url-encode-url
(read-string "Gisthub Search: "))))) (defun open-emacs-manual ()
"Open Emacs online Manual.
Usage: M-x open-emacs-manual.
It opens the web site: https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual"
(interactive)
(browse-url "https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/"))(defun search/dictionary ()
"Search Merrian Webster Dictionary·"
(interactive)
(browse-url
(format "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/%s"
(url-encode-url
(read-string "Dictionary: ")))))Emacs Provides a built-in lightweight web browser eww browser that can be used to quick access web sites in terminal or Emacs GUI.
Open a Url with eww-browser:
M-x eww <url>
(eww-browse-url "http://m.reddit.com/r/emacs")Open a html file with eww-browser
M-x eww-open-file <file-name>
It is useful to view html documentation inside Emacs.
(eww-open-file "/some/html/file.html")Key Bindings
| Key Binding | Description |
|---|---|
| C-h m | Show all keybindings of eww-mode |
| q | Quit eww browser |
| Return/Enter | Open url at point |
| Tab | Jump to next hyperlink |
| C-A i | Jump to previous hyperlink |
| Space | Scrow Down |
| Esc | Scrow Up |
| w | Copy page Url |
| l | Go to previous page |
| n | Got to next page |
| g | Update/ Refresh |
To load web sites faster use mobile url. Some suggestions:
Google Search
http://www.google.com/m?q=<query>- Country/Culture sensitive searchhttp://www.google.ca/m?q=<query>- Country/Culture insensitive search, always English.
Google News:
- http://www.gooogle.com/m/news - Country/Culure sensitive
- http://www.google.ca/m/news - Canada News
Arch Linux Wiki
Wikipedia
Hackernews
See the browser http request:
(url-copy-file <url> <filename>)
(url-copy-file "http://www.httpbin.org/get" "/tmp/output")
(find-file "/tmp/output")(url-retrieve-synchronously URL &optional SILENT INHIBIT-COOKIES)
Example:
(with-current-buffer (url-retrieve-synchronously "http://www.httpbin.org/get")
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max)))Output:
This function downloads a file from the url copied to clipboard and then asks the user to which file the data will be downloaded suggesting the file name extracted from the url.
This function updates the current buffer (revert buffer) if executed in a dired buffer (directory).
Testing the function:
- 1. Copy the url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nybbles/kaggle/master/train.csv
- 2. M-x download-url-to-file
- 3. View file in current directory.
C-x dto open it.
Usage: M-x download-url-to-file
(defun download-url-to-file ()
"Download a file from a URL in the clibpoard.
This command asks the user for the url suggesting the url
stored in the clipboard and then asks the user for the file name
to be downloaded suggesting the file name extracted from the url.
"
(interactive)
(let*
;; Get the URL suggestion from clibpoard
((text (with-temp-buffer
(clipboard-yank)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min)
(point-max))))
;; Ask the user to confirm the url
(url (read-string "Url: " text)))
(url-copy-file
url
;; Get file name.
(read-file-name "File name: "
(car (last (split-string url "/")))))
(when (equal major-mode 'dired-mode)
(revert-buffer))))This command reads an url from the user and download the file content and displays it on a buffer without write a file to disk.
Example:
- User copies the url: (file: iterator-theory.cs)
http://patterns.cs.up.ac.za/examples/ch9/iterator-theory.cs - User enters the command
M-x download-code-view - It will suggest in a prompt the former url. User hit return.
- It download the code and displays it on a buffer iterator-theory.cs
- User enter the command. M-x csharp-mode that turns on the syntax hightlight.
(defun download-code-view ()
"Download a source code from url and displays it on a buffer."
(interactive)
(let* (
;; Get url from clipboard
(clipboard (with-temp-buffer
(clipboard-yank)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min)
(point-max))))
;; Read url and suggesting clipboard
(url (read-string "Url: " clipboard))
(buf (url-retrieve-synchronously url))
;; Tries to extract the file name from url
(filename (car (last (split-string url "/"))))
(bufname (concat "*" filename "*"))
)
(switch-to-buffer buf)
;; Remove http header
(goto-char (point-min))
(re-search-forward "^$")
(delete-region (point) (point-min))
(kill-whole-line)
;; Remove \r characters or ^M
(replace-string (char-to-string 13) "")
;; Rename buffer to a better name
(with-current-buffer buf
(rename-buffer bufname))))(defun url-http-post (url args)
"Send ARGS to URL as a POST request."
(let (
(response-string nil)
(url-request-method "POST")
(url-request-extra-headers
'(("Content-Type" . "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")))
(url-request-data
(mapconcat (lambda (arg)
(concat (url-hexify-string (car arg))
"="
(url-hexify-string (cdr arg))))
args
"&")))
(switch-to-buffer
(url-retrieve-synchronously url))
(goto-char (point-min))
(re-search-forward "\n\n")
(setq response-string
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point) (point-max)))
(kill-buffer (current-buffer))
response-string))
(defun url-http-get (url args)
"Send ARGS to URL as a GET request."
(let (
(response-string nil)
(url-request-method "GET")
(url-request-data
(mapconcat (lambda (arg)
(concat (url-hexify-string (car arg))
"="
(url-hexify-string (cdr arg))))
args
"&")))
(switch-to-buffer
(url-retrieve-synchronously
(concat url "?" url-request-data)))
(goto-char (point-min))
(re-search-forward "\n\n")
(setq response-string
(buffer-substring-no-properties
(point) (point-max)))
(kill-buffer (current-buffer))
response-string))
ELISP> (princ (url-http-get "http://httpbin.org/get" nil))
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Content-Length": "0",
"Extension": "Security/Digest Security/SSL",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"Mime-Version": "1.0",
"User-Agent": "URL/Emacs"
},
"origin": "167.103.159.147",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}
ELISP> (princ (url-http-post "http://httpbin.org/post" '(("use" . "dummy") ("pass" . "something else") ("code" . "pxyz0011213"))))
{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"code": "pxyz0011213",
"pass": "something else",
"use": "dummy"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Content-Length": "48",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Extension": "Security/Digest Security/SSL",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"Mime-Version": "1.0",
"User-Agent": "URL/Emacs"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "167.103.159.147",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
If the package is installed returns t (true) and nil otherwise.
(package-installed-p PACKAGE &optional MIN-VERSION)
> (package-installed-p 'helm-core)
tThis command install a single-file elisp package from a given URL to source file.
Usage:
- Copy the url of the package file to be installed like http://mumble.net/~campbell/emacs/paredit-beta.el from EmacsWiki:Par Edit.
- Type M-x package-install-url It will ask to confirm the URL. Then type return and the package will be installed.
To find where the package was intalled type M-x find-library <library-name>.
(defun package-install-url ()
"Install a single-file package *.el file from Url."
(interactive)
(let* (
;; Suggest the URL stored in the clipboard
(clipboard (with-temp-buffer
(clipboard-yank)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))))
;; Ask the user to confirm the url
(url (read-string "Url: " clipboard))
)
(with-current-buffer (url-retrieve-synchronously url)
(goto-char (point-min))
(re-search-forward "^$")
(delete-region (point) (point-min))
(kill-whole-line)
(package-install-from-buffer))))Usage: M-x buffer/switch-in-directory
This command switches between buffer with files that are in current directory.
(defun buffer/with-file-in-directory-p (directory buf)
"Check if a buffer has file associated and is is in DIRECTORY.
Parameters:
- directory string - root directory
- buf buffer object - buffer object"
(and (buffer-file-name buf) ;; check if buffer has a file associated
(string-prefix-p (expand-file-name directory)
(expand-file-name (buffer-file-name buf)
))))
(defun buffer/switch-in-directory ()
"Switch between buffers in same directory."
(interactive)
(helm
:prompt "Buffer switch: "
:sources `((
(name . "Dir: ")
(candidates . ,(mapcar
(lambda (b) (cons (buffer-name b) b))
;; filter buffers not in this directory (code bellow)
(remove-if-not (lambda (b)
(buffer/with-file-in-directory-p
(or (file-name-directory (buffer-file-name))
default-directory
)
b
))
(buffer-list)
)))
(action . switch-to-buffer)
))))
Usage: M-x helm-recent-files
(require 'helm)
(defun helm-recent-files ()
(interactive)
(helm
:prompt "File: "
:sources `((
(name . "File: ")
(candidates . ,recentf-list)
(action . find-file)
))))
Usage M-x helm-recent-dirs
(require 'helm)
(defun unique (xs)
"Remove repeated elements from list xs
Example:
> (unique '(x y a b 21 21 10 21 x y a ))
(x y a b 21 10)."
(let ((result nil))
(dolist (x xs)
(if (not (member x result))
(push x result)))
(reverse result)))
(defun helm-recent-dirs ()
(interactive)
(helm
:prompt "Dir: "
:sources `((
(name . "Dir: ")
(candidates . (lambda ()
(unique
(map #'file-name-directory recentf-list))))
(action . dired)))))This piece of code gets all executables in the $PATH variable and searche for one that matches the user input and then launches it. It is useful to launch applications without block Emacs.
Usage: M-x helm-laucher
(defun get-executables ()
"Returns a list of all files available in the directories of the $PATH variable."
(apply #'append
(mapcar (lambda (p) (directory-files p t))
(remove-if-not #'file-exists-p
(split-string (getenv "PATH") ":")))))
(defun run-async (&optional command)
"Run a shell command in asynchronous mode.
It doesn't block Emacs while the command is running.
Usage: (run-async \"python -m http.server\")
M-x run-async -> User enters a command."
(interactive)
(apply #'start-process
`(
"proc-any" ;; We don't care about the application name
nil ;; Don't name the buffer
,@(split-string-and-unquote
(if command
command
(read-string "Command: " )
)))))
(defun run-async-lst (&rest commands)
"Run a shell command in asynchronus mode, not blocking Emacs.
Usage: > (run-async-lst <program> <argument 1> <agurment2> ...)
Example: > (run-async \"thunar\" \"/usr/share/applications\")"
(apply #'start-process
`(
"dontcare" ;; We don't care about the application name
nil ;; Don't name the buffer
,@commands
)))
(defun helm-launcher ()
"Launches apps available in $PATH without blocking Emacs.
Usage M-x heml-launcher"
(interactive)
(let ((data (mapcar (lambda (p)
(cons (file-name-nondirectory p)
p
))
(get-executables)
)))
(helm
:prompt "Shell: "
:sources `((
(name . "Shell: ")
(candidates . ,data)
(action . run-async)
)))))
Switch between buffers associated with files.
(defun switch-file ()
"Switch between buffers that are associated with files.
Usage: M-x switch file."
(interactive)
(let ((data
(mapcar (lambda (b)
(cons (buffer-file-name b) b ))
(remove-if-not #'buffer-file-name (buffer-list)))))
(helm
:prompt "Buffer: "
:sources `((
(name . "File Buffers")
(candidates . ,data)
(action . switch-to-buffer)
)))))(defun helm-switch-mode ()
"Switch between all major programming modes available in Emacs.
Usage: M-x helm-switch-mode."
(interactive)
(cl-flet ((unique (xs)
(let
((result nil))
(dolist (x xs)
(if (not (member x result))
(push x result)))
(reverse result))))
(helm
:prompt "Mode: "
:sources `((
(name . "Emacs Major Modes")
(candidates . ,(unique (mapcar #'symbol-name
(remove-if-not #'symbolp
(mapcar #'cdr auto-mode-alist)))))
(action . ,(lambda (m) (funcall (intern-soft m)))))))))
(setq helm-url-default-url-list
'(
("google" . "http://www.google.ca")
("yandex" . "http://www.yandex.com")
("reddit" . "http://www.reddit.com")
("/r/haskell". "http://www.reddit.com/r/haskell")
("/r/emacs" . "http://www.reddit.com/r/emacs")
("/r/csharp" . "http://www.reddit.com/r/csharp")
))
(defun helm-web ()
(interactive)
(helm
:prompt "Web Site: "
:sources `((
(name . "Bookmarks")
(candidates . helm-url-default-url-list)
(action . (lambda (c) (browse-url (cdr c))) )
))))This command extracts the build tasks from a Makefile and shows it as a helm menu where the user can select the task to be executed. It will be run as a asynchronous process.
Usage: M-x helm-make
Version1:
;; Taken from: http://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/7148/get-all-regexp-matches-in-buffer-as-a-list
(defun re-seq (regexp string)
"Get a list of all regexp matches in a string"
(save-match-data
(let ((pos 0)
matches)
(while (string-match regexp string pos)
(push (match-string 0 string) matches)
(setq pos (match-end 0)))
matches)))
(defun helm-make ()
(interactive)
(let ((tasks
(re-seq "^\\w+"
(with-temp-buffer
(insert-file "Makefile")
(buffer-substring-no-properties
(point-min)
(point-max))))))
(helm
:prompt "Makefile task: "
:sources `((
(name . "Task")
(candidates . ,tasks)
(action . (lambda (task)
(start-process "make"
"*make*"
"make" task
))))))
(switch-to-buffer "*make*")))Version2: Remove dependency re-seq.
(defun helm-make2 ()
(interactive)
(flet ((re-seq2 (regexp string) (save-match-data
(let ((pos 0)
matches)
(while (string-match regexp string pos)
(push (match-string 0 string) matches)
(setq pos (match-end 0)))
matches))))
(let ((tasks (re-seq2 "^\\w+"
(with-temp-buffer
(insert-file "Makefile")
(buffer-substring-no-properties
(point-min)
(point-max)
)))))
(helm
:prompt "Makefile task: "
:sources `((
(name . "Task")
(candidates . ,tasks)
(action . (lambda (task)
(start-process "make"
"*make*"
"make" task
))))))
(switch-to-buffer "*make*"))))Example: Assuming that the current directory has the Makefile with content. The command M-x helm-make will show the tasks all, html, browse and clean.
all: html
html:
mkdir -p dist
emacs --batch -q -l build.el --kill
mv dist/README.html dist/index.html
cp -r -v images dist/images
cp -r *.org dist/
browse:
firefox dist/index.html
clean:
rm -rf dist/*.html dist/*.html~Interactive Developement
ELISP> (defun file-contents (filename)
(interactive "fFind file: ")
(with-temp-buffer
(insert-file-contents filename)
(buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))))
file-contents
ELISP>
ELISP> (defun write-file (filename content)
(append-to-file content nil filename))
write-file
ELISP>
ELISP> (remove-if 'null (mapcar 'buffer-file-name (buffer-list)))
("/home/tux/.emacs.d/init.el" "/sudo:root@localhost:/etc/host.conf")
ELISP> (setq session-file "~/.emacs.d/lastsession.el")
"~/.emacs.d/lastsession.el"
ELISP>
ELISP>
ELISP> (format "(setq last-session-files '%S)" (remove-if 'null (mapcar 'buffer-file-name (buffer-list))))
"(setq last-session-files '(\"/home/tux/.emacs.d/init.el\" \"/sudo:root@localhost:/etc/host.conf\"))"
ELISP> (setq code (format "(setq last-session-files '%S)" (remove-if 'null (mapcar 'buffer-file-name (buffer-list)))))
"(setq last-session-files '(\"/home/tux/.emacs.d/init.el\" \"/sudo:root@localhost:/etc/host.conf\"))"
ELISP>
ELISP> (setq session-file "~/.emacs.d/lastsession.el")
ELISP> (delete-file session-file)
nil
ELISP> (write-file session-file code)
nil
ELISP>
ELISP> (file-contents session-file)
"(setq last-session-files '(\"/home/tux/.emacs.d/init.el\" \"/sudo:root@localhost:/etc/host.conf\"))"
ELISP>
ELISP> (load-file session-file)
t
ELISP> last-session-files
("/home/tux/.emacs.d/init.el" "/sudo:root@localhost:/etc/host.conf")
;;; Open All files defined in Last Session
ELISP>
ELISP> (mapcar 'find-file last-session-files)
(#<buffer init.el> #<buffer host.conf>)
ELISP>Joining Everything
File: sessions.el
(setq session-file "~/.emacs.d/lastsession.el")
(defun write-file (filename content)
(append-to-file content nil filename))
(defun make-session-code ()
(interactive)
(format "(setq last-session-files '%S)" (remove-if 'null (mapcar 'buffer-file-name (buffer-list)))))
(defun save-session ()
"Save Current Session"
(interactive)
(when (file-exists-p session-file) (delete-file session-file))
(write-file session-file (make-session-code)))
(defun load-session ()
(interactive)
(load-file session-file)
(mapcar 'find-file last-session-files)
)
(message "Reloaded")
To save all bufffers with files:
M-x load-file ;; Enter session.el M-x save-session
To reload the files save in the seesion enter:
M-x load-file ;; Enter session.el
M-x load-session ;; All previous files in the session
;; saved will be opened
Press <F7> to save the curren window configuration and <F8> to restore. The functions can also be executed with A-x save-view or A-x restore-view.
(defun save-view ()
"Save current window configuration"
(interactive)
(setq winconf (current-window-configuration))
(message "View Saved - Press to restore"))
(defun restore-view ()
"Restore saved window configuration"
(interactive)
(set-window-configuration winconf)
(message "View loaded"))
(global-set-key (kbd "<f7>") #'save-view)
(global-set-key (kbd "<f8>") #'restore-view)
Saves the scratch buffer to a file every times Emacs is closed.
Source: scratch.el
(setq scratch-buffer-file "~/.emacs.d/scratch.el")
(setq initial-scratch-message "") ;initial message
(add-hook 'kill-emacs-hook 'scratch-save) ;
(add-hook 'window-setup-hook 'scratch-resume);
;; window-setup-hook
;; @see info 38.1.1 Summary: Sequence of Actions at Startup
(add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook; *scratch*
(lambda ()
(if (equal (buffer-name) "*scratch*") (scratch-save))))
(add-hook 'after-save-hook
(lambda ()
(unless (get-buffer "*scratch*") (scratch-resume))))
(defun scratch-save ()
(let ((buf (get-buffer "*scratch*")))
(when buf
(set-buffer buf)
(write-file scratch-buffer-file)
(ignore-errors (kill-buffer "scratch.el")))))
(defun scratch-resume ()
"*scratch* "
(interactive)
(set-buffer (get-buffer-create "*scratch*"))
(funcall initial-major-mode)
(insert-file-contents scratch-buffer-file nil nil nil t)
(ignore-errors (kill-buffer ".scratch")))
The function occur is useful for code navigation and scan code statements, this function is invoked by M-x occur.
Examples:
The function python/scan-functions will scan for all lines that starts with def statement in a Python code and show the matching lines in the right side.
(defun python/scan-functions ()
(interactive)
(split-window-horizontally)
(occur "def"))
Example:
It can also be useful to Scan code tags like: @FIXME, @TODO, @README,
@NOTE. This fuction can be excuted by typing: M-x scan-code-tags
Example:
(defun scan-code-tags ()
"Scan code tags: @TODO: , @FIXME:, @BUG:, @NOTE:."
(interactive)
(split-window-horizontally)
(occur "@FIXME:\\|@TODO:\\|@BUG:\\|@NOTE:"))
It is useful to quick edit and reload ~/emacs.d/init.el without restart emacs. Those functions can be put in the init.el file.
;; Usage: M-x reload-init-file
;;
(defun reload-init-file ()
"Reload init.el file."
(interactive)
(load user-init-file)
(message "Reloaded init.el OK."))
;; Usage: M-x open-init-file
;;
(defun open-init-file ()
(interactive)
(find-file user-init-file))Source: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs-en/download/misc-cmds.el
(defun refresh ()
"Revert buffer without confirmation."
(interactive)
(revert-buffer t t))Usage:
M-x refresh
Using Eval
Copy and paste the code below to the scratch buffer and enter M-x eval-buffer. This code can also be put in ~/emacs.d/init.el, in the config file.
(defun eval-string (str) (eval (read str)))
(defun make-menu-rows ()
(mapcar
(lambda (x)
(format "[\"%s\" (load-theme '%s)]" (symbol-name x) (symbol-name x) ))
(custom-available-themes)))
(defun make-color-menu-code ()
(format
"
(easy-menu-define djcb-menu global-map \"Color Themes\"
'(\"Color Themes\"
%s
)
)
"
(mapconcat 'identity (make-menu-rows) "\n")))
;;
;; "Eval is evil". It must be avoided, because, it is hard to refactor,
;; hard to debug and vulnerable to code injection on Web Apps, so a better
;; way to write it is to use Elisp macros.
;;
;; @DONE: Change eval-string to an Elisp macro.
;;
(eval-string (make-color-menu-code))
Using Macros
Developement:
ELISP> (custom-available-themes)
(cyberpunk adwaita deeper-blue dichromacy leuven light-blue manoj-dark misterioso tango-dark tango tsdh-dark tsdh-light wheatgrass whiteboard wombat)
ELISP> (mapcar
(lambda (sym) `[,(symbol-name sym) (load-theme (quote ,sym))])
(custom-available-themes)
)
(["adwaita"
(load-theme 'adwaita)]
["deeper-blue"
(load-theme 'deeper-blue)]
["dichromacy"
(load-theme 'dichromacy)]
["leuven"
(load-theme 'leuven)]
["light-blue"
(load-theme 'light-blue)]
["manoj-dark"
(load-theme 'manoj-dark)]
["misterioso"
(load-theme 'misterioso)]
["tango-dark"
(load-theme 'tango-dark)]
...
ELISP> (defun make-menu-rows ()
(mapcar
(lambda (sym) `[,(symbol-name sym) (load-theme (quote ,sym))])
(custom-available-themes)))
make-menu-rows
ELISP>
ELISP> (make-menu-rows)
(["adwaita"
(load-theme 'adwaita)]
["deeper-blue"
(load-theme 'deeper-blue)]
["dichromacy"
(load-theme 'dichromacy)]
["leuven"
(load-theme 'leuven)]
...
ELISP> `(easy-menu-define djcb-menu global-map "Color Themes"
'("Color Themes"
,@(make-menu-rows)))
(easy-menu-define djcb-menu global-map "Color Themes"
'("Color Themes"
["adwaita"
(load-theme 'adwaita)]
["deeper-blue"
(load-theme 'deeper-blue)]
["dichromacy"
(load-theme 'dichromacy)]
["leuven"
(load-theme 'leuven)]
["light-blue"
(load-theme 'light-blue)]
...
;;; Now execute the generated code, the menu will pop up.
;;;
ELISP> (eval `(easy-menu-define djcb-menu global-map "Color Themes"
'("Color Themes"
,@(make-menu-rows))))
nil
Final code
(defun make-menu-rows ()
(mapcar
(lambda (sym) `[,(symbol-name sym) (load-theme (quote ,sym))])
(custom-available-themes)))
(defmacro make-color-menu ()
`(easy-menu-define djcb-menu global-map "Color Themes"
'("Color Themes"
,@(make-menu-rows))))
(make-color-menu)
;;;;; Or copy and paste the following block on IELM shell
(progn
(defun make-menu-rows ()
(mapcar
(lambda (sym) `[,(symbol-name sym) (load-theme (quote ,sym))])
(custom-available-themes)))
(defmacro make-color-menu ()
`(easy-menu-define djcb-menu global-map "Color Themes"
'("Color Themes"
,@(make-menu-rows))))
(make-color-menu))
;;;; Testing the macro expansion
ELISP> (macroexpand '(make-color-menu))
(progn
(defvar djcb-menu nil "Color Themes")
(easy-menu-do-define 'djcb-menu global-map "Color Themes"
'("Color Themes"
["adwaita"
(load-theme 'adwaita)]
["deeper-blue"
(load-theme 'deeper-blue)]
["dichromacy"
(load-theme 'dichromacy)]
["leuven"
(load-theme 'leuven)]
["light-blue"
(load-theme 'light-blue)]
...
Change the default IELM prompt “ELISP> ” to “> “.
(setq ielm-prompt "> ")Clear IELM buffer. Usage: M-x ielm/clear
(defun ielm/clear ()
"Clear IELM buffer."
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer "*ielm*"
(let ((inhibit-read-only t))
(erase-buffer))))Send selected text (region) to IELM and print the output.
(defun ielm/send-region ()
(interactive)
(let ((text (buffer-substring-no-properties (region-beginning)
(region-end))))
(with-current-buffer "*ielm*"
(insert text)
(ielm-send-input))))Usage: M-x ielm-select-buffer-other-window
(defun ielm-select-buffer-other-window ()
"Select other window' buffer as IELM's working buffer."
(interactive)
(let ((buf (save-window-excursion
(other-window 1)
(current-buffer))))
(ielm-change-working-buffer buf)
(ielm-print-working-buffer)))This command starts IELM in other window setting the working buffer to current buffer. It allows the user to manipulate the current buffer.
Usage: M-x ielm-this-buffer
(defun ielm-this-buffer ()
"Start IELM in other window with current buffer set to current windows' buffer."
(interactive)
(let ((buf (current-buffer)))
(ielm-other-window)
(ielm-change-working-buffer buf)
(ielm-print-working-buffer)))Usage: M-x ielm-other-frame
(defun ielm-other-frame ()
"Launch IELM in other frame."
(interactive)
(with-selected-frame (make-frame)
(ielm)))See also:
Moved to: org-mode.org
- garaud/pipe-to-emacs.py - Pipe to Emacs: Insert a result from an UNIX command into a new Emacs buffer
- dvnmk/process - Play youtube playlist using Emacs + mpv player.
- TikhonJelvis/epage - “A little pager script I wrote that calls out to emacsclient.”