Start emacs ignoring the file:~/.emacs.d/init.el or file:~/.emacs configuration file.
$ emacs --no-init-file
or
$ emacs -q
Start Emacs with a custom configuration file:
$ emacs -q -l customstart.el
Debug Emacs configuration file: ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs
$ emacs --debug-init
To keep multiple configurations files see: Emacs Bootstrap Show Emacs version
$ emacs --version