diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index fd255ead21..f870398934 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ### Deprecations
 
+* `jj duplicate REV` is deprecated in favor of `-r REV`.
+
 ### New features
 
 ### Fixed bugs
diff --git a/cli/src/commands/duplicate.rs b/cli/src/commands/duplicate.rs
index 075d1b51f1..a589dc682a 100644
--- a/cli/src/commands/duplicate.rs
+++ b/cli/src/commands/duplicate.rs
@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@ use crate::ui::Ui;
 #[derive(clap::Args, Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct DuplicateArgs {
     /// The revision(s) to duplicate (default: @)
-    #[arg(value_name = "REVISIONS", add = ArgValueCandidates::new(complete::all_revisions))]
+    #[arg(short = 'r', long, add = ArgValueCandidates::new(complete::all_revisions))]
+    revisions: Vec<RevisionArg>,
+    // TODO: Delete revisions_pos in jj 0.30+
+    #[arg(hide = true, value_name = "REVISIONS")]
     revisions_pos: Vec<RevisionArg>,
-    #[arg(short = 'r', hide = true)]
-    revisions_opt: Vec<RevisionArg>,
     /// The revision(s) to duplicate onto (can be repeated to create a merge
     /// commit)
     #[arg(long, short, add = ArgValueCandidates::new(complete::all_revisions))]
@@ -89,10 +90,16 @@ pub(crate) fn cmd_duplicate(
     args: &DuplicateArgs,
 ) -> Result<(), CommandError> {
     let mut workspace_command = command.workspace_helper(ui)?;
+    if !args.revisions_pos.is_empty() {
+        writeln!(
+            ui.warning_default(),
+            "Positional argument is deprecated. Use -r REVISION instead."
+        )?;
+    }
     let to_duplicate: Vec<CommitId> =
-        if !args.revisions_pos.is_empty() || !args.revisions_opt.is_empty() {
+        if !args.revisions.is_empty() || !args.revisions_pos.is_empty() {
             workspace_command
-                .parse_union_revsets(ui, &[&*args.revisions_pos, &*args.revisions_opt].concat())?
+                .parse_union_revsets(ui, &[&*args.revisions, &*args.revisions_pos].concat())?
         } else {
             workspace_command.parse_revset(ui, &RevisionArg::AT)?
         }
diff --git a/cli/tests/cli-reference@.md.snap b/cli/tests/cli-reference@.md.snap
index b3083eb360..88be34b032 100644
--- a/cli/tests/cli-reference@.md.snap
+++ b/cli/tests/cli-reference@.md.snap
@@ -751,14 +751,15 @@ When none of the `--destination`, `--insert-after`, or `--insert-before` argumen
 
 When any of the `--destination`, `--insert-after`, or `--insert-before` arguments are provided, the roots of the specified commits will be duplicated onto the destination indicated by the arguments. Other specified commits will be duplicated onto these newly duplicated commits. If the `--insert-after` or `--insert-before` arguments are provided, the new children indicated by the arguments will be rebased onto the heads of the specified commits.
 
-**Usage:** `jj duplicate [OPTIONS] [REVISIONS]...`
+**Usage:** `jj duplicate [OPTIONS]`
 
 ###### **Arguments:**
 
-* `<REVISIONS>` — The revision(s) to duplicate (default: @)
+* `<REVISIONS>`
 
 ###### **Options:**
 
+* `-r`, `--revisions <REVISIONS>` — The revision(s) to duplicate (default: @)
 * `-d`, `--destination <DESTINATION>` — The revision(s) to duplicate onto (can be repeated to create a merge commit)
 * `-A`, `--insert-after <INSERT_AFTER>` — The revision(s) to insert after (can be repeated to create a merge commit)
 * `-B`, `--insert-before <INSERT_BEFORE>` — The revision(s) to insert before (can be repeated to create a merge commit)
diff --git a/cli/tests/test_commit_template.rs b/cli/tests/test_commit_template.rs
index bd51a9bd3d..b64549ba8c 100644
--- a/cli/tests/test_commit_template.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/test_commit_template.rs
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ fn test_short_prefix_in_transaction() {
     }
     // Create 2^4 duplicates of the chain
     for _ in 0..4 {
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "description(commit)"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-rdescription(commit)"]);
     }
 
     // Short prefix should be used for commit summary inside the transaction
diff --git a/cli/tests/test_duplicate_command.rs b/cli/tests/test_duplicate_command.rs
index 819474034e..2aad9d7fbd 100644
--- a/cli/tests/test_duplicate_command.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/test_duplicate_command.rs
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ fn test_duplicate() {
     ◆  000000000000
     "###);
 
-    let stderr = test_env.jj_cmd_failure(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "all()"]);
+    let stderr = test_env.jj_cmd_failure(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-rall()"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Error: Cannot duplicate the root commit
     "###);
 
-    let (_stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "none()"]);
+    let (_stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-rnone()"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     No revisions to duplicate.
     "###);
 
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 2443ea76b0b1 as kpqxywon f5b1e687 a
@@ -75,9 +75,7 @@ fn test_duplicate() {
 
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["undo"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
-    insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
-    Undid operation: b5bdbb51ab28 (2001-02-03 08:05:17) duplicate 1 commit(s)
-    "#);
+    insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @"Undid operation: ec11d2deae86 (2001-02-03 08:05:17) duplicate 1 commit(s)");
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate" /* duplicates `c` */]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
@@ -93,6 +91,14 @@ fn test_duplicate() {
     ├─╯
     ◆  000000000000
     "#);
+
+    // -r with deprecated positional argument
+    let (_stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-ra", "c"]);
+    insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
+    Warning: Positional argument is deprecated. Use -r REVISION instead.
+    Duplicated 2443ea76b0b1 as nkmrtpmo 65df49b6 a
+    Duplicated 17a00fc21654 as ruktrxxu 0fa46a66 c
+    ");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_many() {
     ◆  000000000000
     "###);
 
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "b::"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=b::"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 1394f625cbbd as wqnwkozp 3b74d969 b
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_many() {
 
     // Try specifying the same commit twice directly
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["undo"]);
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "b", "b"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=b", "-r=b"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 1394f625cbbd as nkmrtpmo 0276d3d7 b
@@ -161,7 +167,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_many() {
 
     // Try specifying the same commit twice indirectly
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["undo"]);
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "b::", "d::"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=b::", "-r=d::"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 1394f625cbbd as xtnwkqum fa167d18 b
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_many() {
     ○  2443ea76b0b1   a
     ◆  000000000000
     "###);
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "d::", "a"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=d::", "-r=a"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 2443ea76b0b1 as nlrtlrxv c6f7f8c4 a
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_many() {
 
     // Check for BUG -- makes too many 'a'-s, etc.
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["undo"]);
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a::"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a::"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 2443ea76b0b1 as uuuvxpvw 0fe67a05 a
@@ -281,7 +287,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_destination() {
     "#);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit onto a single destination.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "-d", "c"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "-d", "c"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @"Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as nkmrtpmo 2944a632 a1");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(get_log_output(&test_env, &repo_path), @r"
@@ -301,7 +307,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_destination() {
 
     // Duplicate a single commit onto multiple destinations.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "-d", "c", "-d", "d"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "-d", "c", "-d", "d"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @"Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as xtnwkqum 155f6a01 a1");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(get_log_output(&test_env, &repo_path), @r"
@@ -321,7 +327,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_destination() {
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["op", "restore", &setup_opid]);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit onto its descendant.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "-d", "a3"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "-d", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 9e85a474f005 as a descendant of itself
@@ -370,10 +376,8 @@ fn test_duplicate_destination() {
 
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship onto
     // multiple destinations.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
-        &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "b", "-d", "c", "-d", "d"],
-    );
+    let (stdout, stderr) =
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b", "-d", "c", "-d", "d"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as oupztwtk 2f519daa a1
@@ -399,7 +403,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_destination() {
 
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship onto a
     // single destination.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "-d", "c"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "-d", "c"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as wtszoswq 806f2b56 a1
@@ -424,7 +428,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_destination() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship onto
     // multiple destinations.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "-d", "c", "-d", "d"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "-d", "c", "-d", "d"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as rkoyqlrv 02cbff23 a1
@@ -484,7 +488,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     "#);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit after a single commit with no direct relationship.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "b1"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "b1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as pzsxstzt b71e23da a1
@@ -510,7 +514,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["op", "restore", &setup_opid]);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit after a single ancestor commit.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a3", "--after", "a1"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a3", "--after", "a1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 17072aa2b823 as an ancestor of itself
@@ -537,7 +541,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["op", "restore", &setup_opid]);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit after a single descendant commit.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "a3"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 9e85a474f005 as a descendant of itself
@@ -567,7 +571,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "b1", "--after", "c1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "b1", "--after", "c1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -598,7 +602,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate a single commit after multiple commits including an ancestor.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "--after", "a2", "--after", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3", "--after", "a2", "--after", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -629,7 +633,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate a single commit after multiple commits including a descendant.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "a3", "--after", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "a3", "--after", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -660,7 +664,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship after a
     // single commit without a direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "c1"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "c1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as sryyqqkq 44f57f24 a1
@@ -692,7 +696,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship after a
     // single commit which is an ancestor of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a3", "b1", "--after", "a2"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a3|b1", "--after", "a2"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 17072aa2b823 as an ancestor of itself
@@ -725,7 +729,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship after a
     // single commit which is a descendant of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "a3"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 9e85a474f005 as a descendant of itself
@@ -759,7 +763,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // multiple commits without a direct relationship to the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "c1", "--after", "d1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "c1", "--after", "d1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -799,7 +803,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // multiple commits including an ancestor of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "b1", "--after", "a1", "--after", "c1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|b1", "--after", "a1", "--after", "c1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -836,7 +840,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // multiple commits including a descendant of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "a3", "--after", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "a3", "--after", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -871,7 +875,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship after a single
     // commit without a direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "--after", "c2"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "--after", "c2"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as vvvtksvt b44d23b4 a1
@@ -900,7 +904,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship after a single
     // ancestor commit.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a2", "a3", "--after", "a1"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a2|a3", "--after", "a1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 17072aa2b823 as an ancestor of itself
@@ -932,7 +936,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship after a single
     // descendant commit.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a2", "--after", "a3"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a2", "--after", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 47df67757a64 as a descendant of itself
@@ -965,7 +969,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // commits without a direct relationship to the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "--after", "c2", "--after", "d2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "--after", "c2", "--after", "d2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -997,7 +1001,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // commits including an ancestor of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "a4", "--after", "a2", "--after", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|a4", "--after", "a2", "--after", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1032,7 +1036,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // commits including a descendant of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a2", "--after", "a3", "--after", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a2", "--after", "a3", "--after", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1066,7 +1070,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after() {
     // Should error if a loop will be created.
     let stderr = test_env.jj_cmd_failure(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "b1", "--after", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "b1", "--after", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
     Error: Refusing to create a loop: commit 7b44470918f4 would be both an ancestor and a descendant of the duplicated commits
@@ -1110,7 +1114,8 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     "#);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit before a single commit with no direct relationship.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "--before", "b2"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) =
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--before", "b2"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as pzsxstzt b71e23da a1
@@ -1136,7 +1141,8 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["op", "restore", &setup_opid]);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit before a single ancestor commit.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a3", "--before", "a1"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) =
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a3", "--before", "a1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 17072aa2b823 as an ancestor of itself
@@ -1163,7 +1169,8 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["op", "restore", &setup_opid]);
 
     // Duplicate a single commit before a single descendant commit.
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "--before", "a3"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) =
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--before", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 9e85a474f005 as a descendant of itself
@@ -1193,7 +1200,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--before", "b2", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--before", "b2", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1224,7 +1231,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate a single commit before multiple commits including an ancestor.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "--before", "a2", "--before", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3", "--before", "a2", "--before", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1256,7 +1263,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate a single commit before multiple commits including a descendant.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--before", "a3", "--before", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--before", "a3", "--before", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1288,7 +1295,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship before a
     // single commit without a direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--before", "c1"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--before", "c1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as sryyqqkq fa625d74 a1
@@ -1320,7 +1327,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship before a
     // single commit which is an ancestor of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a3", "b1", "--before", "a2"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a3|b1", "--before", "a2"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 17072aa2b823 as an ancestor of itself
@@ -1353,7 +1360,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits without a direct ancestry relationship before a
     // single commit which is a descendant of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--before", "a3"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--before", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 9e85a474f005 as a descendant of itself
@@ -1387,7 +1394,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // multiple commits without a direct relationship to the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--before", "c1", "--before", "d1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--before", "c1", "--before", "d1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
@@ -1424,7 +1431,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // multiple commits including an ancestor of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "b1", "--before", "a1", "--before", "c1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|b1", "--before", "a1", "--before", "c1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1459,7 +1466,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // multiple commits including a descendant of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--before", "a3", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--before", "a3", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1495,7 +1502,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship before a single
     // commit without a direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "--before", "c2"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "--before", "c2"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Duplicated 9e85a474f005 as vvvtksvt baee09af a1
@@ -1525,7 +1532,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship before a single
     // ancestor commit.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "--before", "a1"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "--before", "a1"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 17072aa2b823 as an ancestor of itself
@@ -1557,7 +1564,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Duplicate multiple commits with an ancestry relationship before a single
     // descendant commit.
     let (stdout, stderr) =
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a1", "a2", "--before", "a3"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a2", "--before", "a3"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
     Warning: Duplicating commit 47df67757a64 as a descendant of itself
@@ -1590,7 +1597,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // commits without a direct relationship to the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "--before", "c2", "--before", "d2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "--before", "c2", "--before", "d2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1627,7 +1634,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // commits including an ancestor of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "a4", "--before", "a2", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|a4", "--before", "a2", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1663,7 +1670,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // commits including a descendant of one of the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a2", "--before", "a3", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a2", "--before", "a3", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1698,7 +1705,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_before() {
     // Should error if a loop will be created.
     let stderr = test_env.jj_cmd_failure(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--before", "b1", "--before", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--before", "b1", "--before", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
     Error: Refusing to create a loop: commit dcc98bc8bbea would be both an ancestor and a descendant of the duplicated commits
@@ -1744,7 +1751,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // Duplicate a single commit in between commits with no direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--before", "b2", "--after", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--before", "b2", "--after", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1774,7 +1781,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // Duplicate a single commit in between ancestor commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "--before", "a2", "--after", "a1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3", "--before", "a2", "--after", "a1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1805,7 +1812,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "--before", "a2", "--after", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3", "--before", "a2", "--after", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1836,7 +1843,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // Duplicate a single commit in between descendant commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "a3", "--before", "a4"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "a3", "--before", "a4"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1867,7 +1874,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "a3", "--before", "b2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "a3", "--before", "b2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1900,7 +1907,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commit.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a2", "--after", "a1", "--before", "a4"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a2", "--after", "a1", "--before", "a4"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
@@ -1932,7 +1939,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commits without a direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "c1", "--before", "d2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "c1", "--before", "d2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -1973,7 +1980,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // with no direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "b1", "--after", "a2", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|b1", "--after", "a2", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2009,7 +2016,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commit with no direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "a3", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "a3", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2045,7 +2052,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commits without a direct relationship to the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "b1", "--after", "c1", "--before", "d2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|b1", "--after", "c1", "--before", "d2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2085,7 +2092,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commits without a direct relationship to the duplicated commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a3", "--after", "c1", "--before", "d2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a3", "--after", "c1", "--before", "d2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2124,7 +2131,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // without a direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "a4", "--after", "a2", "--before", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|a4", "--after", "a2", "--before", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
@@ -2159,7 +2166,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // with no direct relationship.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a2", "--before", "a3", "--after", "c2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a2", "--before", "a3", "--after", "c2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2192,7 +2199,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a3", "a4", "--after", "a1", "--before", "a2"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a3|a4", "--after", "a1", "--before", "a2"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2226,7 +2233,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commits.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "a2", "--after", "a3", "--before", "a4"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1|a2", "--after", "a3", "--before", "a4"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r"
@@ -2260,7 +2267,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // commit and a descendant commit.
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a2", "a3", "--after", "a1", "--before", "a4"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a2|a3", "--after", "a1", "--before", "a4"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
@@ -2293,7 +2300,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_insert_after_before() {
     // Should error if a loop will be created.
     let stderr = test_env.jj_cmd_failure(
         &repo_path,
-        &["duplicate", "a1", "--after", "b2", "--before", "b1"],
+        &["duplicate", "-r=a1", "--after", "b2", "--before", "b1"],
     );
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
     Error: Refusing to create a loop: commit 7b44470918f4 would be both an ancestor and a descendant of the duplicated commits
@@ -2313,7 +2320,7 @@ fn test_undo_after_duplicate() {
     ◆  000000000000
     "###);
 
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "a"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=a"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 2443ea76b0b1 as mzvwutvl f5cefcbb a
@@ -2327,9 +2334,7 @@ fn test_undo_after_duplicate() {
 
     let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["undo"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
-    insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r#"
-    Undid operation: e3dbefa46ed5 (2001-02-03 08:05:11) duplicate 1 commit(s)
-    "#);
+    insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @"Undid operation: 59b2818af9fe (2001-02-03 08:05:11) duplicate 1 commit(s)");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(get_log_output(&test_env, &repo_path), @r###"
     @  2443ea76b0b1   a
     ◆  000000000000
@@ -2354,12 +2359,12 @@ fn test_rebase_duplicates() {
     ◆  000000000000    @ 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000 +00:00
     "###);
 
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "c"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=c"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 7e4fbf4f2759 as yostqsxw 0ac2063b c
     "###);
-    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "c"]);
+    let (stdout, stderr) = test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-r=c"]);
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stdout, @"");
     insta::assert_snapshot!(stderr, @r###"
     Duplicated 7e4fbf4f2759 as znkkpsqq ce5f4eeb c
diff --git a/cli/tests/test_log_command.rs b/cli/tests/test_log_command.rs
index 3bf63a9cc5..2962853dc3 100644
--- a/cli/tests/test_log_command.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/test_log_command.rs
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ fn test_log_shortest_accessors() {
     }
     // Create 2^3 duplicates of the chain
     for _ in 0..3 {
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "description(commit)"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-rdescription(commit)"]);
     }
 
     insta::assert_snapshot!(
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ fn test_log_prefix_highlight_styled() {
     }
     // Create 2^3 duplicates of the chain
     for _ in 0..3 {
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "description(commit)"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-rdescription(commit)"]);
     }
 
     insta::assert_snapshot!(
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ fn test_log_prefix_highlight_counts_hidden_commits() {
     // Create 2^7 hidden commits
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["new", "root()", "-m", "extra"]);
     for _ in 0..7 {
-        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "description(extra)"]);
+        test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["duplicate", "-rdescription(extra)"]);
     }
     test_env.jj_cmd_ok(&repo_path, &["abandon", "description(extra)"]);